Chapter 25, Problem 14QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural formulas for given compounds are to be written.

Concept introduction:

The longest chain is termed as the parent chain, which is then numbered from the end that the substituted carbons get a lower number. The name and number of substituents are then prefixed to the name of the parent chain.

In chemical nomenclature, the IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry is a systematic method of naming organic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)

The parent chain is the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms.

The parent chain is numbered from that end which is closest to the substituent.

If the same substituent occurs more than once, the location of each point on which the substituent occurs is given.

If there are two or more different substituents they are listed in alphabetical order using the base name

The name of the alkane is derived from the parent chain with a prefix of the substituent along with their position on the chain.

A structural formula is the formula thatprovides an insight into the structure of the compound. It shows all the substituents and functional groups present in the compound.

The structure can be easily written from the systematic name. The parent chain is at first drawn and numbered from any end.

Thereafter, the name is written thatincludes the name and the number of substituents. The substituents are written with their number in alphabetical order followed by the name of the parent chain and the functional group as a suffix.

The suffix –olis used for the alcohol group.

The suffix –al is used for the aldehyde group.

The suffix –one is used for the ketone group.

The –e ending of an alkane is replaced by –amine for amine functional group.

The suffix amide is then added for the amide group.

The suffix -oate is used for the ester.

Functional groups are specific substituent within the molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reaction of those molecules.

Esters are the organic compounds thatcontain $-\text{COO}-$ as a functional group.

Alcohols are the organic compounds thatcontain $-\text{OH}$ as a functional group.

Ketones are the organic compounds thatcontain $-\text{CO}-$ as a functional group.

Amines are the organic compounds thatcontain $-\text{N}$ as a functional group.

Amides are the organic compounds thatcontain $-{\text{CONH}}_2$ as a functional group.

Aldehydes are the organic compounds thatcontain $-\text{CHO}$ as a functional group.