
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Whether the compound acyl CoA is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules.
The β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this
(b)
Interpretation:
Whether the compound enoyl CoA is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.
The β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH2 and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.
(c)
Interpretation:
Whether the compound acetyl CoA is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.
The β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH2 and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.
(d)
Interpretation:
Whether the compound β-hydroxybutyrate is associated with (1) the β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) both the β-oxidation pathway and ketogenesis has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.
The β-oxidation is a catabolic process occurring in the body through which, fatty acid molecules are broken down in the mitochondria of the cells to generate energy. The process involves breaking down long fatty acid chains that have been converted to acyl CoA chains into smaller fatty acyl CoA chains. The fatty acid chain is broken down until the final acyl CoA chain cannot be broken down any further. The end products of this metabolic process are acetyl CoA, FADH2 and NADH. These three molecules later enter the Krebs cycle where they are used to produce ATP molecules.

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Chapter 25 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
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- Draw the condensed or line-angle structure for an alkene with the formula C5H10. Note: Avoid selecting cis-/trans- isomers in this exercise. Draw two additional condensed or line-angle structures for alkenes with the formula C5H10. Record the name of the isomers in Data Table 1. Repeat steps for 2 cyclic isomers of C5H10arrow_forwardExplain why the following names of the structures are incorrect. CH2CH3 CH3-C=CH-CH2-CH3 a. 2-ethyl-2-pentene CH3 | CH3-CH-CH2-CH=CH2 b. 2-methyl-4-pentenearrow_forwardDraw the line-angle formula of cis-2,3-dichloro-2-pentene. Then, draw the line-angle formula of trans-2,3-dichloro-2-pentene below. Draw the dash-wedge formula of cis-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane. Then, draw the dash-wedge formula of trans-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane below.arrow_forward
- Record the amounts measured and calculate the percent yield for Part 2 in the table below. Dicyclopentadiene measured in volume Cyclopentadiene measured in grams 0 Measured Calculated Mol Yield Mass (g) or Volume (mL) Mass (g) or Volume (ml) 0.6 2.955 Part 2 Measurements and Results Record the amounts measured and calculate the percent yield for Part 2 in the table below. 0.588 0.0044 2.868 0.0434 N/A Table view List view Measured Calculated Mol $ Yield Melting Point (C) Mass (g) or Volume (ml) Mass (g) or Volume (ml.) Cyclopentadiene 0.1 0.08 0.001189 measured in volume Maleic Anhydride 0.196 N/A cis-norbornene-5,6-endo- dicarboxylic anhydride 0.041 0.0002467 N/A N/A N/A 0.002 N/A N/A 128arrow_forwardDraw the condensed structural formula and line-angle formula for each: 2,3-dimethylheptane 3-bromo-2-pentanol 3-isopropyl-2-hexene 4-chlorobutanoic acidarrow_forwardRecord the IUPAC names for each of the structures shown below. a) b) c) OH d) OH e)arrow_forward
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