EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
7th Edition
ISBN: 8220100853180
Author: STOKER
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Chapter 25, Problem 25.20EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the step of glycerol metabolism in which the oxidizing agent NAD+ is needed.

Concept introduction: Triacylglycerol mobilization is an ongoing process in which triacylglycerols that are stored in the adipose tissue are hydrolyzed. Fatty acids and glycerol are the products of triacylglycerol mobilization. The products are released into the bloodstream.

After entering the bloodstream, the glycerol travels to the kidneys or liver. The first stage of glycerol metabolism occurs in the liver or kidney. The first stage of glycerol metabolism is a two-step process. After the first stage, the remaining stages of glycerol metabolism are the same as glucose pathways. The overall equation for glycerol metabolism is as follows:

Glycerol+ATP+NAD+Dihydroxyacetone phosphate+ADP+NADH+H+

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is associated with the redox reactions in metabolism. Its reduced form is NADH and oxidized form is NAD+.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 25.20EP

The oxidizing agent NAD+ is required in step 2 of glycerol metabolism.

Explanation of Solution

The first stage of glycerol metabolism is a two-step process. In step 1, glycerol 3phosphate is formed as the intermediate compound that further reacts to form dihydroxyacetone phosphate in step 2. The reaction for the conversion of glycerol is as follows:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH, Chapter 25, Problem 25.20EP , additional homework tip  1

Here,EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH, Chapter 25, Problem 25.20EP , additional homework tip  2 represents PO32 unit.

In step 2 of glycerol metabolism, NAD+ oxidized glycerol 3phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Therefore, the oxidizing agent NAD+ is needed in step 2 of glycerol metabolism.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the step of glycerol metabolism in which ADP is produced.

Concept introduction: Triacylglycerol mobilization is an ongoing process in which triacylglycerols that are stored in the adipose tissue are hydrolyzed. Fatty acids and glycerol are the products of triacylglycerol mobilization. The products are released into the bloodstream.

After entering the bloodstream, the glycerol travels to the kidneys or liver. The first stage of glycerol metabolism occurs in the liver or kidney. The first stage of glycerol metabolism is a two-step process. After the first stage, the remaining stages of glycerol metabolism are the same as glucose pathways. The overall equation for glycerol metabolism is as follows:

Glycerol+ATP+NAD+Dihydroxyacetone phosphate+ADP+NADH+H+

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a triphosphate nucleotide that provide energy to carry out the metabolic processes in the living cells. It is converted either to adenosine monophosphate (AMP) or to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) after the consumption in the metabolic processes.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 25.20EP

ADP is produced in step 1 of glycerol metabolism.

Explanation of Solution

The first stage of glycerol metabolism is a two-step process. The first step of glycerol metabolism requires energy that is provided by ATP. In this step, glycerol is converted to glycerol 3phosphate and ATP is converted to ADP.

The chemical reaction for step 1 is as follows:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH, Chapter 25, Problem 25.20EP , additional homework tip  3

Here,EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH, Chapter 25, Problem 25.20EP , additional homework tip  4 represents PO32 unit.

Therefore, ATP is consumed in step 1 which is further converted to ADP in glycerol metabolism

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the step of glycerol metabolism in which glycerol 3phosphate is a reactant.

Concept introduction: Triacylglycerol mobilization is an ongoing process in which triacylglycerols that are stored in the adipose tissue are hydrolyzed. Fatty acids and glycerol are the products of triacylglycerol mobilization. The products are released into the bloodstream.

After entering the bloodstream, the glycerol travels to the kidneys or liver. The first stage of glycerol metabolism occurs in the liver or kidney. The first stage of glycerol metabolism is a two-step process. After the first stage, the remaining stages of glycerol metabolism are the same as glucose pathways. The overall equation for glycerol metabolism is as follows:

Glycerol+ATP+NAD+Dihydroxyacetone phosphate+ADP+NADH+H+

A reactant is defined as the substance that is initially present in the chemical reaction and gets consumed to form a new substance.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 25.20EP

Glycerol 3phosphate is encountered as a reactant in step 2 of glycerol metabolism.

Explanation of Solution

The first stage of glycerol metabolism is a two-step process. In step 1, glycerol 3phosphate is formed as the intermediate compound that further reacts to form dihydroxyacetone phosphate in step 2. The reaction for the conversion of glycerol is as follows:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH, Chapter 25, Problem 25.20EP , additional homework tip  5

Here,EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH, Chapter 25, Problem 25.20EP , additional homework tip  6 represents PO32 unit.

Therefore, glycerol 3phosphate is encountered as a reactant in step 2 of glycerol metabolism.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To determine the step of glycerol metabolism in which secondary alcohol is oxidized.

Concept introduction: Triacylglycerol mobilization is an ongoing process in which triacylglycerols that are stored in the adipose tissue are hydrolyzed. Fatty acids and glycerol are the products of triacylglycerol mobilization. The products are released into the bloodstream.

After entering the bloodstream, the glycerol travels to the kidneys or liver. The first stage of glycerol metabolism occurs in the liver or kidney. The first stage of glycerol metabolism is a two-step process. After the first stage, the remaining stages of glycerol metabolism are the same as glucose pathways. The overall equation for glycerol metabolism is as follows:

Glycerol+ATP+NAD+Dihydroxyacetone phosphate+ADP+NADH+H+

In the secondary alcohol, the carbon atom of the hydroxyl group (OH) is attached to two alkyl groups on both sides. A general structure of secondary alcohol is as follows:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH, Chapter 25, Problem 25.20EP , additional homework tip  7

Here, R and R' represents alkyl groups.

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 25.20EP

Secondary alcohol is oxidized in step 2 of glycerol metabolism.

Explanation of Solution

The first stage of glycerol metabolism is a two-step process. In step 1, glycerol 3phosphate is formed as the intermediate compound that further reacts to form dihydroxyacetone phosphate in step 2. The reaction for the conversion of glycerol is as follows:

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH, Chapter 25, Problem 25.20EP , additional homework tip  8

Here,EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH, Chapter 25, Problem 25.20EP , additional homework tip  9 represents PO32 unit.

Glycerol 3phosphate is secondary alcohol that is oxidized by NAD+ in step 2 of glycerol metabolism. Therefore, secondary alcohol is oxidized in step 2 of glycerol metabolism.

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Chapter 25 Solutions

EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH

Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 3QQCh. 25.4 - Prob. 1QQCh. 25.4 - Prob. 2QQCh. 25.4 - Prob. 3QQCh. 25.4 - Prob. 4QQCh. 25.4 - Prob. 5QQCh. 25.4 - Prob. 6QQCh. 25.5 - Prob. 1QQCh. 25.5 - Prob. 2QQCh. 25.5 - Prob. 3QQCh. 25.6 - Prob. 1QQCh. 25.6 - Prob. 2QQCh. 25.6 - Prob. 3QQCh. 25.6 - Prob. 4QQCh. 25.6 - Prob. 5QQCh. 25.6 - Prob. 6QQCh. 25.7 - Prob. 1QQCh. 25.7 - Prob. 2QQCh. 25.7 - Prob. 3QQCh. 25.7 - Prob. 4QQCh. 25.7 - The reducing agent needed in the process of...Ch. 25.7 - Prob. 6QQCh. 25.8 - Prob. 1QQCh. 25.8 - Prob. 2QQCh. 25.9 - Prob. 1QQCh. 25.9 - Prob. 2QQCh. 25.9 - Prob. 3QQCh. 25.9 - Prob. 4QQCh. 25.10 - Which of the following substances cannot be...Ch. 25.10 - Prob. 2QQCh. 25.10 - Which of the following processes occurs within the...Ch. 25.11 - Prob. 1QQCh. 25.11 - Prob. 2QQCh. 25.11 - Prob. 3QQCh. 25 - Indicate whether each of the following aspects of...Ch. 25 - Indicate whether each of the following aspects of...Ch. 25 - Indicate whether each of the following pairings of...Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.4EPCh. 25 - Indicate whether each of the following statements...Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.6EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.7EPCh. 25 - What is a chylomicron?Ch. 25 - What are the products of the complete hydrolysis...Ch. 25 - What are the major products of the incomplete...Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.11EPCh. 25 - At what location are free fatty acids and...Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.13EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.14EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.15EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.16EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.17EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.18EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.19EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.20EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.21EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.22EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.23EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.24EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.25EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.26EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.27EPCh. 25 - Identify the oxidizing agent needed in Step 3 of a...Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.29EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.30EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.31EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.32EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.33EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.34EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.35EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.36EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.37EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.38EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.39EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.40EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.41EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.42EPCh. 25 - How many turns of the -oxidation pathway would be...Ch. 25 - How many turns of the -oxidation pathway would be...Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.45EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.46EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.47EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.48EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.49EPCh. 25 - Explain why fatty acids cannot serve as fuel for...Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.51EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.52EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.53EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.54EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.55EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.56EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.57EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.58EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.59EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.60EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.61EPCh. 25 - Why does a deficiency of carbohydrates in the diet...Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.63EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.64EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.65EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.66EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.67EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.68EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.69EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.70EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.71EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.72EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.73EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.74EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.75EPCh. 25 - Severe ketosis situations produce acidosis....Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.77EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.78EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.79EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.80EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.81EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.82EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.83EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.84EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.85EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.86EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.87EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.88EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.89EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.90EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.91EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.92EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.93EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.94EPCh. 25 - What role does molecular oxygen, O2, play in fatty...Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.96EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.97EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.98EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.99EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.100EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.101EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.102EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.103EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.104EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.105EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.106EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.107EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.108EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.109EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.110EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.111EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.112EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.113EPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.114EP
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