College Physics
OER 2016 Edition
ISBN: 9781947172173
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Chapter 25, Problem 13CQ
The most common type at mirage is an illusion that light from faraway objects is reflected by a pool of water that is not really there. Mirages are generally observed in deserts when there is a hot layer of air near the ground. Given that the reflective index of air is lower for air at higher temperatures, explain how mirages can be formed.
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There is an interesting optical effect you have likely noticed while driving along a flat stretch of road on a sunny day. A small, distant dip in the road appears to be filled with water. You may even see the reflection of an oncoming car. But, as you get closer, you find no puddle of water after all;the shimmering surface vanishes, and you see nothing but empty road. It was only a mirage, the name for this phenomenon. The mirage is due to the different index of refraction of hot and cool air. The actual bending of the light rays that produces the mirage is subtle, but we can make a simple model as follows. When air is heated, its density decreases and so does its index of refraction. Consequently, a pocket of hot air in a dip in a road has a lower index of refraction than the cooler air above it. Incident light rays with large angles of incidence (that is, nearly parallel to the road, as shown) experience total internal reflection. The mirage that you see is due to thisreflection. As…
Chapter 25 Solutions
College Physics
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