According to biology, living beings like humans, animals, bacteria, plants, and fungus are known as organisms. Every organism has certain common characteristics that are present among them all. The characteristics like the replication of genetic substance, the translation to mRNA (messenger Ribonucleic acid), and the transcription into proteins are owned by all the living organisms. Mitochondria and plastids have their own circular DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid); have a size that is almost equal to that of bacteria; their composition of inner cell membrane also matches with bacterial plasma membrane and possess similar ribosomes to that of bacterial cells. They are known to have established a symbiotic relationship with eukaryotic cells after being engulfed by eukaryotic cells.

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Chapter 25, Problem 10TYK

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According to biology, living beings like humans, animals, bacteria, plants, and fungus are known as organisms. Every organism has certain common characteristics that are present among them all. The characteristics like the replication of genetic substance, the translation to mRNA(messenger Ribonucleic acid), and the transcription into proteins are owned by all the living organisms.

Mitochondria and plastids have their own circular DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid); have a size that is almost equal to that of bacteria; their composition of inner cell membrane also matches with bacterial plasma membrane and possess similar ribosomes to that of bacterial cells. They are known to have established a symbiotic relationship with eukaryotic cells after being engulfed by eukaryotic cells.

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The endosymbiotic theory argues that prokaryotes become some of the organelles of early eukaryotic cells. All of the following support this hypothesis Except: A. The mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and are nearly idential to some free-living prokaryotes b. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are nearly idential to some free-living prokaryotes. c. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA d. The vacuoles can come and go across the plasma membrane

According to the theory of endosymbiosis, organelles, like mitochondria and chloroplasts, were once free-living cells that were absorbed into another cell. The relationship benefited both cells to stay together. What evidence do scientists observe today that supports the theory of endosymbiosis? Select all that apply. a There are ribosomes found inside mitochondria and chloroplasts just like there are inside cells. b Looking inside mitochondria and chloroplasts, one will find that they each contain their own DNA. c Mitochondria and chloroplasts are found inside all cell types. d Mitochondria and chloroplasts each have a membrane around them just like a cell would.

Which of the following is true? a. Prokaryotic cells are smaller in size but metabolically more complicated. b. Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized and with the DNA (genetic material) found in the nuceloid.