Campbell Biology in Focus, Books a la Carte Edition; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText - ValuePack Access Card - for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134433769
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Question
Chapter 24.5, Problem 2CC
Summary Introduction
To explain:
Whether the pathogenic bacterium toxin that causes symptoms of spreading from host to host is an endotoxin or exotoxin.
Concept introduction:
Exotoxins are the protein antigens present on the surface of bacterium that have the ability to cause disease due to the high toxic potential. The endotoxins are composed of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) present on the surface of the bacterium. They have less antigenic and toxic potential as compared to the endotoxins. The spread of the disease is caused by both the strain of bacteria; therefore, it is not possible to predict that the toxin secreted in the body is an endotoxin or an exotoxin.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Here are four toxins: diphtheria toxin, cholera toxin, tetanus toxin, and exfoliative toxin.
Choose two of them and answer the following questions:
1. Is it an exotoxin or an endotoxin?
2. Which bacterial species produces it?
3. Briefly describe its mode of action and how it causes damage to the host cells. Include
specific signs and symptoms.
Once these pathogens enter the host the difference in environmental conditions signals for them to germinate and turn into growing cells. Compare Inhalation anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) to Tetanus (Clostridium tetani). Besides endospores used in transmission, what is a simple explanation to help explain how each microbe survives and grows in each location?
List the four cellular agents of bacterium that most antimicrobial agents such as antibiotics target. Explain how each area is affected by the agent.
Chapter 24 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus, Books a la Carte Edition; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText - ValuePack Access Card - for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 24.1 - What hypothesis did Miller test in his classic...Ch. 24.1 - How would the appearance of protocells have...Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 24.1 - Prob. 4CCCh. 24.2 - Contrast the cellular and DNA structures of...Ch. 24.2 - Distinguish between the four major modes of...Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 24.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 24.3 - Although rare on a per gene basis, new mutations...Ch. 24.3 - Distinguish between the three mechanisms by which...
Ch. 24.3 - In a rapidly changing environment, which bacterial...Ch. 24.3 - WHAT IF? If a nonpathogenic bacterium were to...Ch. 24.4 - Explain how molecular systematics and metagenomics...Ch. 24.4 - WHAT IF? What would the discovery of a bacterial...Ch. 24.5 - Explain how prokaryotes, though small, can be...Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 24.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 24.5 - Prob. 4CCCh. 24 - Which of the following steps has not yet been...Ch. 24 - Fossilized stromatolites A. more than 2.8 billion...Ch. 24 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 24 - Photoautotrophs use A. light as an energy source...Ch. 24 - Which of the following statements is not true? A....Ch. 24 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 24 - Plantlike photosynthesis that releases O2 occurs...Ch. 24 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY INTERPRET THE DATA The...Ch. 24 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION In patients infected with...Ch. 24 - FOCUS ON ENERGY AND MATTER In a short essay (about...Ch. 24 - Prob. 11TYU
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following is true of commensal bacterium? Question 2 options: A) commensal bacteria do not receive any benefit from its host B) commensal bacteria only colonize adult hosts C) commensal bacterium may also be an opportunistic pathogen D) commensal bacterium cannot cause an infection its hostarrow_forwardIdentify at least 2 bacterial cell structures that are associated with virulence and pathogenicity. Explain each.arrow_forwardHow will the following factors contribute to the ability ofbacteria to invade the host?A. Antigenic variationB. Penetration into the Host cell cytoskeletonarrow_forward
- Pathogenic infections induce damage to the host by a variety of mechanisms. While many mechanisms are direct effects of the pathogen, some damaging mechanisms result from the immune response to the infection. Examples of damage caused by the host immune response are: a) Exotoxin production, endotoxin b) Cell-mediated inmunity, direct cytopathic effect c) Endotoxin, inmmunune complexes d) Direct cythopathic effect, endotoxin e) Cell-mediated inmunity, inmmunune complexesarrow_forwardWhich infection would be easier to contract from eating seafood, shigellosis or cholera? Explain. Give typing answer with explanation and conclusionarrow_forwardWhy does Helicobacter pylori cause ulceractions in the lining of the Stomach? 1)The microbes secrete a toxin that prevents the host from detecting invasion of the microbe and thus allows it to thrive in the stomach and damage the host cells. 2)After invasion of the microbe in the cells lining the stomach, they are no longer able to produce mucous to protect the host cells from acid erosion 3)The microbe produces an enzyme that causes the cell to produce potent digestive enzymes that erode the stomach lining. 4)Once the microbe has entered the stomach, it releases digestive enzymes that degrade the mucous secreting cells.arrow_forward
- Our environment contains masses of microorganisms, many of which reside as commensal organisms on our body’s mucosal and epithelial surfaces without causing disease. What two features distinguish a pathogenic microbe from these commensal microbes?arrow_forwardBelow are a list of virulence factors/ strategies paired with an example of an organism that utilizes them. How do each of the following strategies contribute to the virulence of the pathogen? Strategy - Causes the host to produce more receptors (Organism - Rhinovirus) Strategy - Produces gas as a product of fermentation (Organism - Clostridium perfringens) Strategy - Produces a capsule (organism - Klebsiella pneumonia) Strategy - Ability to move between adjacent cells (organism - Cytomegalovirus) Strategy - Ability to use pilus as a motility structure (organism - Pseudomonas aerogenosa)arrow_forwardclostridium botulinum is a bacterium usually present in soil that may cause botulism. Briefly explain why one or few cells of a pathogenic bacterium, such as clostridium botulism, by itself typically does not secrete a toxin, despite the species as a whole being characterized as toxin producing.arrow_forward
- Propionibacterium acnes is a normal member of the skin microbiome that benefits the body by lowering the skin's pH- an antimicrobial effect. However, P. acnes is also the leading cause of acne. Explain mechanistically how can a bacterium be normal and beneficial but also be pathogenic?arrow_forwardDoes Mycobacterium tuberculosis produce an exotoxin or endotoxin Discuss how this affects the host. This is where most of the damage is caused.explain the difference between an EXOTOXIN and an ENDOTOXIN.arrow_forwardA pathogenic bacterium’s toxin causes symptoms thatincrease the bacterium’s chance of spreading from hostto host. Does this information indicate whether thepoison is an exotoxin or endotoxin? Explain.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Bacterial Infections in Humans; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FeFKAl9KyMg;License: Standard Youtube License