Campbell Biology in Focus, Books a la Carte Edition; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText - ValuePack Access Card - for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134433769
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 24, Problem 9TYU
FOCUS ON EVOLUTION
In patients infected with nonresistant strains of the tuberculosis bacterium, antibiotics can relieve symptoms in a few weeks. However, it takes much longer to halt the infection, and patients may discontinue treatment while bacteria are still present. How might this result in the evolution of drug-resistant pathogens?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Some advocate stockpiling the drug Tamiflu in the event of an influenza pandemic. Others point out that wealthy, Western nations would have an unfair advantage because developing nations (where the pandemic is most likely to start) would not have access to this expensive antiviral. Furthermore, some fear that indiscriminate use of the drug would promote the evolution of resistant flu strains. Given these caveats, do you think developed nations should stockpile Tamiflu for the protection and treatment of their citizens? Explain your answer
Antibiotic resistant bacteria have become a major concern for many public health officials. Widespread use of antibiotics has created an evolutionary pressure on infectious bacteria to develop immunity to these medications. The result is an increase in antibiotic resistant microbes, particularly in settings where antibiotics are commonly used, such as hospitals. One strategy public health officials have devised to counteract these infectious microbes is "antibiotic cycling” where specific antibiotics are withdrawn from the market for a period of several years, then reintroduced as another antibiotic is withdrawn.
How would this strategy help limit antibiotic resistance?
A. It is impossible for a bacterium to maintain resistance to two antibiotics at once
B. When a given antibiotic is not in use, it is an evolutionary disadvantage to carry the unneeded gene
C. If a specific antibiotic is removed from the market it is possible to substitute with a related antibiotic such as…
The application of evolution to understanding disease is widespread and productive. What is the benefit of applying Darwinian principles to medical practice?
Chapter 24 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus, Books a la Carte Edition; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText - ValuePack Access Card - for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 24.1 - What hypothesis did Miller test in his classic...Ch. 24.1 - How would the appearance of protocells have...Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 24.1 - Prob. 4CCCh. 24.2 - Contrast the cellular and DNA structures of...Ch. 24.2 - Distinguish between the four major modes of...Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 24.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 24.3 - Although rare on a per gene basis, new mutations...Ch. 24.3 - Distinguish between the three mechanisms by which...
Ch. 24.3 - In a rapidly changing environment, which bacterial...Ch. 24.3 - WHAT IF? If a nonpathogenic bacterium were to...Ch. 24.4 - Explain how molecular systematics and metagenomics...Ch. 24.4 - WHAT IF? What would the discovery of a bacterial...Ch. 24.5 - Explain how prokaryotes, though small, can be...Ch. 24.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 24.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 24.5 - Prob. 4CCCh. 24 - Which of the following steps has not yet been...Ch. 24 - Fossilized stromatolites A. more than 2.8 billion...Ch. 24 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 24 - Photoautotrophs use A. light as an energy source...Ch. 24 - Which of the following statements is not true? A....Ch. 24 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 24 - Plantlike photosynthesis that releases O2 occurs...Ch. 24 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY INTERPRET THE DATA The...Ch. 24 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION In patients infected with...Ch. 24 - FOCUS ON ENERGY AND MATTER In a short essay (about...Ch. 24 - Prob. 11TYU
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
Describe the role and impact of microbes on the earth.
Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
Single penny tossed 20 times and counting heads and tails: Probability (prediction): _______/20 heads ________/...
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
How does the removal of hydrogen atoms from nutrient molecules result in a loss of energy from the nutrient mol...
SEELEY'S ANATOMY+PHYSIOLOGY
What process causes the Mediterranean intermediate Water MIW to become more dense than water in the adjacent At...
Applications and Investigations in Earth Science (9th Edition)
On what molecule does the anticodon appear? Explain the role of this molecule in protein synthesis.
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Acquisition of antibiotic resistance is driven by bacterial exposure to antimicrobial agents (including antibiotics). This is a good example of natural selection; only the most fit (i.e., those with mutations conferring resistance, survive to reproduce and fill the niche with resistance organisms). Discuss two methods to prevent antimicrobial resistance within your community, but NOT a healthcare setting.arrow_forwardEvolutionary changes of antibiotic resistant bacteria increase the ability of a species to survive and reproduce under any circumstances (True or false) give explaination for answer?arrow_forwardSelect all the statements that are true regarding the drug treatments available for infectious diseases.□ Antiviral drugs are harder to develop than antibiotics because viruses must use our cellular machinery replicate. □ Very few anti-parasitic drugs exist because diseases caused by Eukaryotes are extremely rare all over the world.□ Fewer drugs are available to treat Eukaryotic pathogens because their physiology and functions are very similar to our own.□ Development of antiparasitic drugs are a low priority because the diseases they treat tend to occur in poor countries, and drug companies can't make money.□ Antivirals may quit working because rates of viral mutation are very high.□ There are more antiviral drugs than atibiotics because antiviral drugs are very easy and cheap to make.arrow_forward
- A malaria vaccine has proved to be 77% effective in early trials and could be a major breakthrough against the disease, says the University of Oxford team behind it. Malaria kills more than 400,000 people a year, mostly children in sub-Saharan Africa. But despite many vaccines being trialled over the years, this is the first to meet the required target. The researchers say this vaccine could have a major public health impact. When trialled in 450 children in Burkina Faso, the vaccine was found to be safe, and showed "high-level efficacy" over 12 months of follow-up. Larger trials in nearly 5,000 children between the ages of five months and three years will now be carried out across four African countries to confirm the findings. Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through mosquito bites. Although preventable and curable, the World Health Organization estimates there were 229 million cases worldwide in 2019 and 409,000 deaths.…arrow_forwardHi this is an intro paragraph for my short essay on antibiotic resistance connecting to natural selection and microbiology. please add or correct anything it needs!arrow_forwardThere are concerns about overuse and misuse of antibacterial drugs, and the association of these with increased antibiotic resisstance in bacteria. Of the following, which best explains this? Antibiotic exposure directly causes many of bacterial in a population to mutate and develop new antibiotic resistance traits. If antibiotic use occurs repeatedly in a person, the dosage of the drug needs to be increased to work in a patient’s system because he/she will develop physiological tolerance to the antibiotic. Exposure to an antibiotic causes bacteria to die or become stronger; stronger bacteria will be better able to cope with additional exposures to any antibiotic drug, eventually becoming immune to all antibiotics. Antibiotics kill susceptible cells and even a small number of existing resistant bacteria that survive will become the majority of the population that remains, leading to populations that are resistant to this drug.arrow_forward
- Why does the Ebola virus generate such severe symptoms in a human host? (Hint: What is the evolutionary explanation for why Ebola kills humans so quickly? I'm not asking "how" it kills its human host so quickly; I am asking "why" it kills its human host so quickly.)arrow_forwardBASED ON THIS TEXT: Identify the biological process by which the malaria carrying mosquitoes (Anopheles coluzzi or Anopheles gambiae) developed insecticide resistance.arrow_forwardAn outbreak of Ebola between 2014 and 2016 resulted in 28,616 cases and 11,310 deaths in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone. An additional 36 cases and 15 deaths were reported outside these 3 countries. This deadly disease urged the need for extensive research on Ebola to better understand and treat the disease and prevent future outbreaks. Ebola is a - SSRNA virus. What does this mean for how it is converted into proteins? Does this virus require additional machinery to be infectious? Can you hypothesize based on how it replicates in the cell what scientists might hope to target for treatment or prevention of Ebola?arrow_forward
- Since early 2020 human societies around the world have suffered a viral pandemic and struggled to cope with Covid-19. Provide one example of a policy or response that has been effective and one example of a policy or response that has been ineffective. Propose a policy that should be implemented in the near future. ( should be based on your knowledge of evolutionary biology.)arrow_forwardBecause of overuse of antibiotics and/or weakened governmental surveillance of infectious disease, several diseasesthat had been thought to be no longer a threat to humanhealth (e.g., pneumonia and tuberculosis) are rapidly becoming unmanageable. In several instances, so-called superbugs(microorganisms that are resistant to almost all known antibiotics) have been detected. How did this circumstancearise? What will happen if this process continues?arrow_forwardThe Ebola outbreak of 2014 had tragic consequences for a few countries in West Africa. Explain the effect the outbreak had on the physician, pharmaceutical, nursing, hospital, and other markets (use graphs to explain your answers.)arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...BiologyISBN:9781305117396Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...
Biology
ISBN:9781305117396
Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Endosymbiotic Theory; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGnS-Xk0ZqU;License: Standard Youtube License