(a) Interpretation: The way in which the conversion of pyruvate to lactate is similar to pyruvate to ethanol conversion needs to be explained. Concept introduction: The oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate generates NADH resulting net oxidation in the glucose to pyruvate conversion. The oxidation-reduction does not take place in the glucose to lactate conversion. The transfer of electrons from NADH to pyruvate is catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase to from lactate.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 24.4, Problem 24.11P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The way in which the conversion of pyruvate to lactate is similar to pyruvate to ethanol conversion needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate generates NADH resulting net oxidation in the glucose to pyruvate conversion. The oxidation-reduction does not take place in the glucose to lactate conversion. The transfer of electrons from NADH to pyruvate is catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase to from lactate.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

The ways in which two processes are different needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate generates NADH resulting net oxidation in the glucose to pyruvate conversion. The oxidation-reduction does not take place in the glucose to lactate conversion. The transfer of electrons from NADH to pyruvate is catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase to from lactate.

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Fatty acids cannot be converted into carbohydrates in the body as the following reaction is not possible. (A) Conversion of glucose-6-phosphate into glucose (B) Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate O(C) Transformation of acetyl CoA to pyruvate (D) Formation of acetyl CoA from fatty acids

Glucose 6-phosphate is in a pivotal position in metabolism. Depending on conditions, glucose 6-phosphate follows one of several pathways. Under what conditions do the following occur?(a) Glycolysis(b) Hydrolysis to free glucose(c) Pentose phosphate pathway(d) Glycogenesis

4. Identify each of the following as reduction or oxidation (briefly explain your reasoning): (a) NADH – NAD+ + H* + 2e- (b) FAD + 2H* + 2e- → FADH, 5. How does each of the following regulate the citric acid cycle? (a) High levels of ATP (b) Low levels of NADH

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 24.4, Problem 24.11P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The way in which the conversion of pyruvate to lactate is similar to pyruvate to ethanol conversion needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate generates NADH resulting net oxidation in the glucose to pyruvate conversion. The oxidation-reduction does not take place in the glucose to lactate conversion. The transfer of electrons from NADH to pyruvate is catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase to from lactate.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

The ways in which two processes are different needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate generates NADH resulting net oxidation in the glucose to pyruvate conversion. The oxidation-reduction does not take place in the glucose to lactate conversion. The transfer of electrons from NADH to pyruvate is catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase to from lactate.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 24.4, Problem 24.11P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The way in which the conversion of pyruvate to lactate is similar to pyruvate to ethanol conversion needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate generates NADH resulting net oxidation in the glucose to pyruvate conversion. The oxidation-reduction does not take place in the glucose to lactate conversion. The transfer of electrons from NADH to pyruvate is catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase to from lactate.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

The ways in which two processes are different needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate generates NADH resulting net oxidation in the glucose to pyruvate conversion. The oxidation-reduction does not take place in the glucose to lactate conversion. The transfer of electrons from NADH to pyruvate is catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase to from lactate.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 24.4, Problem 24.11P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The way in which the conversion of pyruvate to lactate is similar to pyruvate to ethanol conversion needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate generates NADH resulting net oxidation in the glucose to pyruvate conversion. The oxidation-reduction does not take place in the glucose to lactate conversion. The transfer of electrons from NADH to pyruvate is catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase to from lactate.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

The ways in which two processes are different needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate generates NADH resulting net oxidation in the glucose to pyruvate conversion. The oxidation-reduction does not take place in the glucose to lactate conversion. The transfer of electrons from NADH to pyruvate is catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase to from lactate.

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Answer 5

Chapter 24.4, Problem 24.11P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The way in which the conversion of pyruvate to lactate is similar to pyruvate to ethanol conversion needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate generates NADH resulting net oxidation in the glucose to pyruvate conversion. The oxidation-reduction does not take place in the glucose to lactate conversion. The transfer of electrons from NADH to pyruvate is catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase to from lactate.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

The ways in which two processes are different needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate generates NADH resulting net oxidation in the glucose to pyruvate conversion. The oxidation-reduction does not take place in the glucose to lactate conversion. The transfer of electrons from NADH to pyruvate is catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase to from lactate.

Answer 6

Chapter 24.4, Problem 24.11P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The way in which the conversion of pyruvate to lactate is similar to pyruvate to ethanol conversion needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate generates NADH resulting net oxidation in the glucose to pyruvate conversion. The oxidation-reduction does not take place in the glucose to lactate conversion. The transfer of electrons from NADH to pyruvate is catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase to from lactate.

Answer 7

Chapter 24.4, Problem 24.11P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The way in which the conversion of pyruvate to lactate is similar to pyruvate to ethanol conversion needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate generates NADH resulting net oxidation in the glucose to pyruvate conversion. The oxidation-reduction does not take place in the glucose to lactate conversion. The transfer of electrons from NADH to pyruvate is catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase to from lactate.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

The ways in which two processes are different needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate generates NADH resulting net oxidation in the glucose to pyruvate conversion. The oxidation-reduction does not take place in the glucose to lactate conversion. The transfer of electrons from NADH to pyruvate is catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase to from lactate.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

The ways in which two processes are different needs to be explained.

Concept introduction:

The oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate generates NADH resulting net oxidation in the glucose to pyruvate conversion. The oxidation-reduction does not take place in the glucose to lactate conversion. The transfer of electrons from NADH to pyruvate is catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase to from lactate.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 24.2 - Analyze the following reaction by considering the...Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 24.2P Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 24.3P Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 24.4P Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 24.5P Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 24.6P Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 24.7P Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 24.8P Ch. 24.4 - Prob. 24.9P Ch. 24.4 - Prob. 24.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains how oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate generates NADH in the glucose to pyruvate conversion.

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