Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The overall equation with key coenzymes for the conversion of glucose to lactate should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Aerobic respiration occurs in two steps:
- Glycolysis
- Citric acid cycle
Glycolysis is the first step that forms pyruvate. In the presence of oxygen means aerobic respiration, this pyruvate enters the Krebs cycle and extracts energy in the form of electrons transfer. Electrons are transferred from the pyruvate to the receptors like
(b)
Interpretation:
The overall equation with key coenzymes for the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Aerobic respiration occurs in two steps:
- Glycolysis
- Citric acid cycle
Glycolysis is the first step that forms pyruvate. In the presence of oxygen means aerobic respiration, this pyruvate enters the Krebs cycle and extracts energy in the form of electrons transfer. Electrons are transferred from the pyruvate to the receptors like
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General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry
- The first step of the metabolic process known as glycolysis is the conversion of glucose to glucose- 6-phosphate. This process has a positive value for rG' Glucose + Pi Glucose-6-phosphate + H2O rG' = +13.8 kJ/mol-rxn This reaction is coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP ATP + H2O ADP + Pi rG' = -30.5 kJ/mol-rxn What is the sum of these two equations and the value of rG' for the coupled reaction? Is the coupled reaction product-favored at equilibrium?arrow_forwardWhy are so many different enzymes needed?arrow_forwardwhich coenzyme will accept two hydrogen atoms in order to form an alkene? a. FADH2 b. FAD c. ATP d. NADH/H+ e. NAD+arrow_forward
- 25. Under anaerobic conditions, yeast produces and alcohol during alcoholic fermentation a. lactate b. CO2 c. glucose d. acetyl CoAarrow_forwardWhat is meant by: 1. Fermentation 2. Enzymesarrow_forwardMeat is refrigerated to prevent spoilage by bacteria because the cold A. denatures bacterial enzymes B. inactivates, but does not denature, bacterial enzymes C. decreases the turnover number of bacterial enzymes D. makes meat proteins more resistant to bacterial enzyme activityarrow_forward
- Which enzyme is involved in the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate? a. enolase b. ketolase c. pyruvate kinase d. pyruvate oxidasearrow_forward9. An example of an isoenzyme used for clinical diagnosis is a. lactate dehydrogenase b. creatine kinase Oc. lipase d. more than one choice is correctarrow_forwardRefer to the structure 1. The metabolic pathway is an example of a. Oxidative dealkylation b. Reduction c. Oxidative deamination d. Hydrolysis 2. This pathway is true for what kind of drugs a. Endogenous amides b. Endogenous amines c. Radical species d. Endogenous amino acidsarrow_forward
- Answer each of the questions pertaining to the figure below: a. Is this an endergonic or an exergonic reaction? b. Which letter represents the change in free energy of this reaction? c. Which letter represents the line that shows the reaction without an enzyme? d. Which letter represents the energy of activation needed with an enzyme? A Reactants B E Products Progress of the reaction Free energyarrow_forward1. Glycosylation is an endothermic process requiring hydrolysis of ATP to provide energy necessary to drive this process. How many ATPs are required to generate a glycosidic bond? Explain your answer.arrow_forward8. Proteins that contain iron in the electron transport chain are called a. ATPases b. coenzymes C. cytochromes d. transferasesarrow_forward
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