To indicate whether the statement “ glucose 1 − phosphate is an intermediate in the process” relating to glycogenolysis is true or false. Concept introduction: Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C 6 H 12 O 6 . Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals. Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6 − phosphate An intermediate is defined as the transient species that is formed from the reactants in the preceding step and gets consumed in the subsequent steps to generate the products. An intermediate is formed within a multi-step reaction mechanism. In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

Question

(9 Pts) In one of the two Rare Earth element rows of the periodic table, identify an exception to the general ionization energy (IE) trend. For the two elements involved, answer the following questions. Be sure to cite sources for all physical data that you use. a. (2 pts) Identify the two elements and write their electronic configurations. b. (2 pts) Based on their configurations, propose a reason for the IE trend exception. c. (5 pts) Calculate effective nuclear charges for the last electron in each element and the Allred-Rochow electronegativity values for the two elements. Can any of these values explain the IE trend exception? Explain how (not) - include a description of how IE relates to electronegativity.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.62EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “glucose 1−phosphate is an intermediate in the process” relating to glycogenolysis is true or false.

Concept introduction: Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals.

Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate

An intermediate is defined as the transient species that is formed from the reactants in the preceding step and gets consumed in the subsequent steps to generate the products. An intermediate is formed within a multi-step reaction mechanism.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “an isomerization reaction changes glucose 6−phosphate to glucose 1−phosphate” relating to glycogenolysis is true or false.

Concept introduction: Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals.

Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “an ATP molecule is used to activate a glucose 1−phosphate molecule” relating to glycogenolysis is true or false.

Concept introduction: Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals.

Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate. An overview of glycogenolysis metabolic pathway is as follows:

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy currency of life that provides energy to carry out the metabolic processes in the living cells.

(d)a

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “the equivalent of two ATP molecules are consumed” relating to glycogenolysis is true or false.

Concept introduction: Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals.

Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate. An overview of glycogenolysis metabolic pathway is as follows:

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy currency of life that provides energy to carry out the metabolic processes in the living cells.

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(9 Pts) In one of the two Rare Earth element rows of the periodic table, identify an exception to the general ionization energy (IE) trend. For the two elements involved, answer the following questions. Be sure to cite sources for all physical data that you use. a. (2 pts) Identify the two elements and write their electronic configurations. b. (2 pts) Based on their configurations, propose a reason for the IE trend exception. c. (5 pts) Calculate effective nuclear charges for the last electron in each element and the Allred-Rochow electronegativity values for the two elements. Can any of these values explain the IE trend exception? Explain how (not) - include a description of how IE relates to electronegativity.

Please explain thoroughly and provide steps to draw.

As you can see in the picture, the instrument uses a Xe source. Given that the instrument is capable of measuring from 200-800nm, if Xe was not used, what other source(s) could be used? Refer to figure 7-3. How many monochrometers does this instrument have? Why? Trace the light as it goes from the Xenon lamp all the way to the circle just slightly to the right and a little bit down from S4. What do you think that circle is? In class we talked about many types of these, which kind do you think this one is for a fluorimeter? Why? Explain. What is/are some strategy(ies) that this instrument has for dealing with noise that you see present in the optics diagram? Why does a fluorescence cuvette have to be clear on four sides?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.62EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “glucose 1−phosphate is an intermediate in the process” relating to glycogenolysis is true or false.

Concept introduction: Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals.

Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate

An intermediate is defined as the transient species that is formed from the reactants in the preceding step and gets consumed in the subsequent steps to generate the products. An intermediate is formed within a multi-step reaction mechanism.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “an isomerization reaction changes glucose 6−phosphate to glucose 1−phosphate” relating to glycogenolysis is true or false.

Concept introduction: Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals.

Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “an ATP molecule is used to activate a glucose 1−phosphate molecule” relating to glycogenolysis is true or false.

Concept introduction: Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals.

Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate. An overview of glycogenolysis metabolic pathway is as follows:

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy currency of life that provides energy to carry out the metabolic processes in the living cells.

(d)a

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “the equivalent of two ATP molecules are consumed” relating to glycogenolysis is true or false.

Concept introduction: Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals.

Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate. An overview of glycogenolysis metabolic pathway is as follows:

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy currency of life that provides energy to carry out the metabolic processes in the living cells.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.62EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “glucose 1−phosphate is an intermediate in the process” relating to glycogenolysis is true or false.

Concept introduction: Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals.

Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate

An intermediate is defined as the transient species that is formed from the reactants in the preceding step and gets consumed in the subsequent steps to generate the products. An intermediate is formed within a multi-step reaction mechanism.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “an isomerization reaction changes glucose 6−phosphate to glucose 1−phosphate” relating to glycogenolysis is true or false.

Concept introduction: Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals.

Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “an ATP molecule is used to activate a glucose 1−phosphate molecule” relating to glycogenolysis is true or false.

Concept introduction: Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals.

Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate. An overview of glycogenolysis metabolic pathway is as follows:

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy currency of life that provides energy to carry out the metabolic processes in the living cells.

(d)a

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “the equivalent of two ATP molecules are consumed” relating to glycogenolysis is true or false.

Concept introduction: Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals.

Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate. An overview of glycogenolysis metabolic pathway is as follows:

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy currency of life that provides energy to carry out the metabolic processes in the living cells.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.62EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “glucose 1−phosphate is an intermediate in the process” relating to glycogenolysis is true or false.

Concept introduction: Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals.

Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate

An intermediate is defined as the transient species that is formed from the reactants in the preceding step and gets consumed in the subsequent steps to generate the products. An intermediate is formed within a multi-step reaction mechanism.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “an isomerization reaction changes glucose 6−phosphate to glucose 1−phosphate” relating to glycogenolysis is true or false.

Concept introduction: Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals.

Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “an ATP molecule is used to activate a glucose 1−phosphate molecule” relating to glycogenolysis is true or false.

Concept introduction: Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals.

Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate. An overview of glycogenolysis metabolic pathway is as follows:

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy currency of life that provides energy to carry out the metabolic processes in the living cells.

(d)a

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “the equivalent of two ATP molecules are consumed” relating to glycogenolysis is true or false.

Concept introduction: Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals.

Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate. An overview of glycogenolysis metabolic pathway is as follows:

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy currency of life that provides energy to carry out the metabolic processes in the living cells.

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Answer 5

Chapter 24, Problem 24.62EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “glucose 1−phosphate is an intermediate in the process” relating to glycogenolysis is true or false.

Concept introduction: Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals.

Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate

An intermediate is defined as the transient species that is formed from the reactants in the preceding step and gets consumed in the subsequent steps to generate the products. An intermediate is formed within a multi-step reaction mechanism.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “an isomerization reaction changes glucose 6−phosphate to glucose 1−phosphate” relating to glycogenolysis is true or false.

Concept introduction: Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals.

Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “an ATP molecule is used to activate a glucose 1−phosphate molecule” relating to glycogenolysis is true or false.

Concept introduction: Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals.

Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate. An overview of glycogenolysis metabolic pathway is as follows:

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy currency of life that provides energy to carry out the metabolic processes in the living cells.

(d)a

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “the equivalent of two ATP molecules are consumed” relating to glycogenolysis is true or false.

Concept introduction: Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals.

Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate. An overview of glycogenolysis metabolic pathway is as follows:

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy currency of life that provides energy to carry out the metabolic processes in the living cells.

Answer 6

Chapter 24, Problem 24.62EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “glucose 1−phosphate is an intermediate in the process” relating to glycogenolysis is true or false.

Concept introduction: Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals.

Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate

An intermediate is defined as the transient species that is formed from the reactants in the preceding step and gets consumed in the subsequent steps to generate the products. An intermediate is formed within a multi-step reaction mechanism.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

Answer 7

Chapter 24, Problem 24.62EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “glucose 1−phosphate is an intermediate in the process” relating to glycogenolysis is true or false.

Concept introduction: Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals.

Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate

An intermediate is defined as the transient species that is formed from the reactants in the preceding step and gets consumed in the subsequent steps to generate the products. An intermediate is formed within a multi-step reaction mechanism.

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “an isomerization reaction changes glucose 6−phosphate to glucose 1−phosphate” relating to glycogenolysis is true or false.

Concept introduction: Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals.

Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “an isomerization reaction changes glucose 6−phosphate to glucose 1−phosphate” relating to glycogenolysis is true or false.

Concept introduction: Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals.

Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate

In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “an ATP molecule is used to activate a glucose 1−phosphate molecule” relating to glycogenolysis is true or false.

Concept introduction: Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals.

Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate. An overview of glycogenolysis metabolic pathway is as follows:

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy currency of life that provides energy to carry out the metabolic processes in the living cells.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “an ATP molecule is used to activate a glucose 1−phosphate molecule” relating to glycogenolysis is true or false.

Concept introduction: Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals.

Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate. An overview of glycogenolysis metabolic pathway is as follows:

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy currency of life that provides energy to carry out the metabolic processes in the living cells.

Answer 12

(d)a

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “the equivalent of two ATP molecules are consumed” relating to glycogenolysis is true or false.

Concept introduction: Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals.

Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate. An overview of glycogenolysis metabolic pathway is as follows:

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy currency of life that provides energy to carry out the metabolic processes in the living cells.

Answer 13

(d)a

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “the equivalent of two ATP molecules are consumed” relating to glycogenolysis is true or false.

Concept introduction: Glucose is a monosaccharide with the molecular formula C6H12O6. Glycogen is a polysaccharide of glucose. It serves as a form of carbohydrate storage in humans and animals. Glycogen is a source of glucose in humans and animals.

Glycogenolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glycogen to glucose 6−phosphate. An overview of glycogenolysis metabolic pathway is as follows:

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy currency of life that provides energy to carry out the metabolic processes in the living cells.

Answer 14

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Answer 25

Ch. 24.1 - The primary site within the human body where...Ch. 24.1 - What is the first site within the human body where...Ch. 24.1 - What effect does gastric juice in the stomach have...Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 4QQ Ch. 24.1 - Which of the following substances is needed for...Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 4QQ Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 5QQ

Solution Summary: The author explains the glycogenolysis pathway, which includes two steps.

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Chapter 24 Solutions