(a) Interpretation: The structure of all the 2 − ketohexose is to be drawn. Concept introduction: The simple sugars are monosaccharides having five or six carbon atoms as in fructose and glucose. At carbon − 1 , the functional group normally present is aldehyde . Based on the symmetry of carbon atom their structure can be drawn.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.38AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of all the 2− ketohexose is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The simple sugars are monosaccharides having five or six carbon atoms as in fructose and glucose. At carbon −1, the functional group normally present is aldehyde. Based on the symmetry of carbon atom their structure can be drawn.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of an achiral ketopentose C5H10O5 is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A carbon atom is said to be chiral when all four atoms attached to it are different. It is also known as asymmetric carbon atom. Similarly when a molecule cannot be divided into two similar parts it is known as chiral or asymmetrical. When a molecule has a plane of symmetry, it is considered to be achiral. It means that molecule can be divided into two equal parts through the plane of symmetry.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure of α−D−galactofuranose is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Two isomers have same formula but different structures. In case of sugars, two isomers are possible on the basis of functional group present in the molecule. In pentose and hexose sugar they may be open ring structure with aldehyde group or close ring structures with keto group as main functional groups (keto, aldo isomers).

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure of β−D−idofuranose is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Two isomers have same chemical formula but different structures. In case of sugars two isomers are possible on the basis of functional group present.( They may be open ring with aldehyde or close ring with keto group as their functional group.

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An expression for the root mean square velocity, vrms, of a gas was derived. Using Maxwell’s velocity distribution, one can also calculate the mean velocity and the most probable velocity (mp) of a collection of molecules. The equations used for these two quantities are vmean=(8RT/πM)1/2 and vmp=(2RT/M)1/2 These values have a fixed relationship to each other.(a) Arrange these three quantities in order of increasing magnitude.(b) Show that the relative magnitudes are independent of the molar mass of the gas.(c) Use the smallest velocity as a reference for establishing the order of magnitude and determine the relationship between the larger and smaller values.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.38AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of all the 2− ketohexose is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The simple sugars are monosaccharides having five or six carbon atoms as in fructose and glucose. At carbon −1, the functional group normally present is aldehyde. Based on the symmetry of carbon atom their structure can be drawn.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of an achiral ketopentose C5H10O5 is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A carbon atom is said to be chiral when all four atoms attached to it are different. It is also known as asymmetric carbon atom. Similarly when a molecule cannot be divided into two similar parts it is known as chiral or asymmetrical. When a molecule has a plane of symmetry, it is considered to be achiral. It means that molecule can be divided into two equal parts through the plane of symmetry.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure of α−D−galactofuranose is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Two isomers have same formula but different structures. In case of sugars, two isomers are possible on the basis of functional group present in the molecule. In pentose and hexose sugar they may be open ring structure with aldehyde group or close ring structures with keto group as main functional groups (keto, aldo isomers).

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure of β−D−idofuranose is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Two isomers have same chemical formula but different structures. In case of sugars two isomers are possible on the basis of functional group present.( They may be open ring with aldehyde or close ring with keto group as their functional group.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.38AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of all the 2− ketohexose is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The simple sugars are monosaccharides having five or six carbon atoms as in fructose and glucose. At carbon −1, the functional group normally present is aldehyde. Based on the symmetry of carbon atom their structure can be drawn.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of an achiral ketopentose C5H10O5 is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A carbon atom is said to be chiral when all four atoms attached to it are different. It is also known as asymmetric carbon atom. Similarly when a molecule cannot be divided into two similar parts it is known as chiral or asymmetrical. When a molecule has a plane of symmetry, it is considered to be achiral. It means that molecule can be divided into two equal parts through the plane of symmetry.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure of α−D−galactofuranose is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Two isomers have same formula but different structures. In case of sugars, two isomers are possible on the basis of functional group present in the molecule. In pentose and hexose sugar they may be open ring structure with aldehyde group or close ring structures with keto group as main functional groups (keto, aldo isomers).

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure of β−D−idofuranose is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Two isomers have same chemical formula but different structures. In case of sugars two isomers are possible on the basis of functional group present.( They may be open ring with aldehyde or close ring with keto group as their functional group.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.38AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of all the 2− ketohexose is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The simple sugars are monosaccharides having five or six carbon atoms as in fructose and glucose. At carbon −1, the functional group normally present is aldehyde. Based on the symmetry of carbon atom their structure can be drawn.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of an achiral ketopentose C5H10O5 is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A carbon atom is said to be chiral when all four atoms attached to it are different. It is also known as asymmetric carbon atom. Similarly when a molecule cannot be divided into two similar parts it is known as chiral or asymmetrical. When a molecule has a plane of symmetry, it is considered to be achiral. It means that molecule can be divided into two equal parts through the plane of symmetry.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure of α−D−galactofuranose is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Two isomers have same formula but different structures. In case of sugars, two isomers are possible on the basis of functional group present in the molecule. In pentose and hexose sugar they may be open ring structure with aldehyde group or close ring structures with keto group as main functional groups (keto, aldo isomers).

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure of β−D−idofuranose is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Two isomers have same chemical formula but different structures. In case of sugars two isomers are possible on the basis of functional group present.( They may be open ring with aldehyde or close ring with keto group as their functional group.

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Answer 5

Chapter 24, Problem 24.38AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of all the 2− ketohexose is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The simple sugars are monosaccharides having five or six carbon atoms as in fructose and glucose. At carbon −1, the functional group normally present is aldehyde. Based on the symmetry of carbon atom their structure can be drawn.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of an achiral ketopentose C5H10O5 is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A carbon atom is said to be chiral when all four atoms attached to it are different. It is also known as asymmetric carbon atom. Similarly when a molecule cannot be divided into two similar parts it is known as chiral or asymmetrical. When a molecule has a plane of symmetry, it is considered to be achiral. It means that molecule can be divided into two equal parts through the plane of symmetry.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure of α−D−galactofuranose is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Two isomers have same formula but different structures. In case of sugars, two isomers are possible on the basis of functional group present in the molecule. In pentose and hexose sugar they may be open ring structure with aldehyde group or close ring structures with keto group as main functional groups (keto, aldo isomers).

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure of β−D−idofuranose is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Two isomers have same chemical formula but different structures. In case of sugars two isomers are possible on the basis of functional group present.( They may be open ring with aldehyde or close ring with keto group as their functional group.

Answer 6

Chapter 24, Problem 24.38AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of all the 2− ketohexose is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The simple sugars are monosaccharides having five or six carbon atoms as in fructose and glucose. At carbon −1, the functional group normally present is aldehyde. Based on the symmetry of carbon atom their structure can be drawn.

Answer 7

Chapter 24, Problem 24.38AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of all the 2− ketohexose is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The simple sugars are monosaccharides having five or six carbon atoms as in fructose and glucose. At carbon −1, the functional group normally present is aldehyde. Based on the symmetry of carbon atom their structure can be drawn.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of an achiral ketopentose C5H10O5 is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A carbon atom is said to be chiral when all four atoms attached to it are different. It is also known as asymmetric carbon atom. Similarly when a molecule cannot be divided into two similar parts it is known as chiral or asymmetrical. When a molecule has a plane of symmetry, it is considered to be achiral. It means that molecule can be divided into two equal parts through the plane of symmetry.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of an achiral ketopentose C5H10O5 is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A carbon atom is said to be chiral when all four atoms attached to it are different. It is also known as asymmetric carbon atom. Similarly when a molecule cannot be divided into two similar parts it is known as chiral or asymmetrical. When a molecule has a plane of symmetry, it is considered to be achiral. It means that molecule can be divided into two equal parts through the plane of symmetry.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure of α−D−galactofuranose is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Two isomers have same formula but different structures. In case of sugars, two isomers are possible on the basis of functional group present in the molecule. In pentose and hexose sugar they may be open ring structure with aldehyde group or close ring structures with keto group as main functional groups (keto, aldo isomers).

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure of α−D−galactofuranose is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Two isomers have same formula but different structures. In case of sugars, two isomers are possible on the basis of functional group present in the molecule. In pentose and hexose sugar they may be open ring structure with aldehyde group or close ring structures with keto group as main functional groups (keto, aldo isomers).

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure of β−D−idofuranose is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Two isomers have same chemical formula but different structures. In case of sugars two isomers are possible on the basis of functional group present.( They may be open ring with aldehyde or close ring with keto group as their functional group.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure of β−D−idofuranose is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Two isomers have same chemical formula but different structures. In case of sugars two isomers are possible on the basis of functional group present.( They may be open ring with aldehyde or close ring with keto group as their functional group.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.1P Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.2P Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.3P Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.4P Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.5P Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.6P Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.7P Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.8P Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.9P Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that the structure of the 2- ketohexose can be drawn by changing the stereochemistry at the remaining chiral carbon atoms.

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Chapter 24 Solutions