ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781259977596
Author: SMITH
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 23, Problem 23.68P
Capsaicin, the spicy component of hot peppers, can be prepared from
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Identifying the major species in weak acid or weak base equilibria
The preparations of two aqueous solutions are described in the table below. For each solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at
equilibrium. You can leave out water itself.
Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the
formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row.
You will find it useful to keep in mind that NH3 is a weak base.
acids: ☐
1.8 mol of HCl is added to
1.0 L of a 1.0M NH3
bases: ☐
solution.
other: ☐
0.18 mol of HNO3 is added
to 1.0 L of a solution that is
1.4M in both NH3 and
NH₁Br.
acids:
bases: ☐
other: ☐
0,0,...
?
000
18
Ar
B
1
Using reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition
Consider the following equilibrium:
2NH3 (g) = N2 (g) +3H₂
—N2 (g) AGº = 34. kJ
Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 4.19 atm of ammonia (NH3) and 9.94 atm of nitrogen (N2) at 378. °C. Answer the following questions about this
system:
rise
Under these conditions, will the pressure of NH 3 tend to rise or fall?
☐ x10
fall
Х
Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding H₂?
In other words, if you said the pressure of NH 3 will tend to rise, can that
be changed to a tendency to fall by adding H₂? Similarly, if you said the
pressure of NH3 will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to
rise by adding H₂?
If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate
the minimum pressure of H₂ needed to reverse it.
Round your answer to 2 significant digits.
yes
no
atm
00.
18
Ar
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Identifying the major species in weak acid or weak base equilibria
The preparations of two aqueous solutions are described in the table below. For each solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at
equilibrium. You can leave out water itself.
Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the
formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row.
You will find it useful to keep in mind that HF is a weak acid.
2.2 mol of NaOH is added to
1.0 L of a 1.4M HF
solution.
acids:
П
bases:
Х
other: ☐
ப
acids:
0.51 mol of KOH is added to
1.0 L of a solution that is
bases:
1.3M in both HF and NaF.
other: ☐
00.
18
Ar
Chapter 23 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Ch. 23 - Problem 23.1 Draw the enol or keto tautomer(s) of...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.2PCh. 23 - Problem 23.3 When phenylacetaldehyde is dissolved...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.4PCh. 23 - Problem 23.5 Which bonds in the following...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.6PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.7PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.8PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.9PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.10P
Ch. 23 - Problem 23.11 Draw the products of each...Ch. 23 - Problem 23.12 Draw the products of each reaction....Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.13PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.14PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.15PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.16PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.17PCh. 23 - Problem 23.18 How can pentan-2-one be converted...Ch. 23 - Problem 23.19 Identify A, B, and C, intermediates...Ch. 23 - Problem 23.20 Which of the following compounds...Ch. 23 - Problem 23.21 Draw the products of each...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.22PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.23PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.24PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.25PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.26PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.27PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.28PCh. 23 - 23.29 Draw enol tautomer(s) for each compound....Ch. 23 - 22.30 The cis ketone A is isomerized to a trans...Ch. 23 - 23.31 Draw enol tautomer(s) for each compound.
...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.32PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.33PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.34PCh. 23 - 23.35 Rank the labeled protons in each compound in...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.36PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.37PCh. 23 - 23.38 Acyclovir is an effective antiviral agent...Ch. 23 - 23.39 Explain why forms two different alkylation...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.40PCh. 23 - 23.41 Acid-catalyzed bromination of pentanone ...Ch. 23 - 23.42 Draw a stepwise mechanism for the following...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.43PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.44PCh. 23 - 23.45 Devise a synthesis of valproic acid , a...Ch. 23 - 23.46 Synthesize each compound from diethyl...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.47PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.48PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.49PCh. 23 - 23.50 Draw the organic products formed in each...Ch. 23 - 23.51 Draw the products formed (including...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.52PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.53PCh. 23 - 23.54 Clopidogrel is the generic name for Plavix,...Ch. 23 - 23.55 What reaction conditions—base, solvent, and...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.56PCh. 23 - 23.57 Draw a stepwise mechanism showing how two...Ch. 23 - 23.58 Draw a stepwise mechanism for the following...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.59PCh. 23 - 23.60 Draw stepwise mechanisms illustrating how...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.61PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.62PCh. 23 - 23.63 Synthesize each compound from cyclohexanone...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.64PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.65PCh. 23 - 23.66 Synthesize (Z)-hept-5-en-2-one from ethyl...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.67PCh. 23 - 23.68 Capsaicin, the spicy component of hot...Ch. 23 - 23.69 Treatment of W with , followed by , affords...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.70PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.71PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.72PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.73PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.74P
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