General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780073511245
Author: Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Question
Chapter 23, Problem 23.56P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The importance of the hydrogen ions movement in ATP synthase needs to be explained.
Concept introduction:
ATP synthase refers to an enzyme that is known for the creation of the energy storage molecule, called ATP (Adenosine triphosphate). ATP is used as an "energy currency" of cells for all living beings. The term electron transport chain refers to a series of complexes having the ability to transfer electrons between electron donors and electron acceptors via
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The average adult consumes approximately 11,700 kJ per day. Assuming that the metabolic pathways leading to ATP synthesis operate at 50% thermodynamic efficiency, about 5850 kJ ends up in the form of synthesized ATP.
The average adult consumes approximately 11,700 kJ per day. Assuming that the metabolic pathways leading to ATP synthesis operate at 50% thermodynamic efficiency, about 5850 kJ ends up in the form of synthesized ATP.
Imagine that creatine phosphate, rather than ATP, is the universal energy carrier molecule in the human body. Assume that the cellular concentrations of creatine phosphate, creatine, and phosphate are 21.7 mM, 2.17×10-3 mM, and 6.30 mM, respectively. Calculate the weight of creatine phosphate that would need to be consumed each day by a typical adult human if creatine phosphate could not be recycled. Estimate the free energy of hyrdolysis of creatine phosphate under cellular conditions to determine how many moles are required. Use the standard…
Why are some metabolic reactions coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP?
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was 0.075 M and the acid [HA] was 0.025 M.
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Chapter 23 Solutions
General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry
Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 23.1PCh. 23.3 - Prob. 23.2PCh. 23.3 - Prob. 23.3PCh. 23.3 - Prob. 23.4PCh. 23.3 - Prob. 23.5PCh. 23.4 - Prob. 23.6PCh. 23.4 - Prob. 23.7PCh. 23.4 - Prob. 23.8PCh. 23.4 - Prob. 23.9PCh. 23.4 - Prob. 23.10P
Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 23.11PCh. 23.5 - Prob. 23.12PCh. 23.5 - Prob. 23.13PCh. 23.6 - Prob. 23.14PCh. 23.6 - Prob. 23.15PCh. 23.6 - Prob. 23.16PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.17PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.18PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.19PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.20PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.21PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.22PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.23PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.24PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.25PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.26PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.27PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.28PCh. 23 - The phosphorylation of glucose with forms glucose...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.30PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.31PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.32PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.33PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.34PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.35PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.36PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.37PCh. 23 - Classify each substance as an oxidizing agent, a...Ch. 23 - Prob. 23.39PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.40PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.41PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.42PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.43PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.44PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.45PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.46PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.47PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.48PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.49PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.50PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.51PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.52PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.53PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.54PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.55PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.56PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.57PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.58PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.59PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.60PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.61PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.62PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.63PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.64PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.65PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.66PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.67PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.68PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.69PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.70PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.71PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.72PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.73PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.74PCh. 23 - Prob. 23.75CPCh. 23 - Prob. 23.76CP
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- What is proton gradient? Why is it significant in the process of generating ATP?arrow_forwardThe interaction of F16BP with pyruvate kinase (PK) is an example of O product inhibition. feed-forward activation. feed-back inhibition. competitive activation.arrow_forwardThe AG" of the dephosphorylation of phosphocreatine is -43.0 kJ/mol. Phosphocreatine → creatine +Pi; -43.0kJ/mol When coupled to the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP (+30.5kJ/mol) ADP +Pi → ATP; +30.5 kJ/mol calculate the actual, physiological AG for the following reaction in kJ/mol: Phosphocreatine + ADP creatine + ATP at 37°C, with concentrations as follows: Phosphocreatine = 0.715 mM creatine = 0.566 mM ADP = 0.431 mM ATP = 2.382 mMarrow_forward
- Give an account of the total ATP yield when I molecule of glucose is converted to carbon dioxide and water?arrow_forwardTo learn more about the role of the electron transport chain in generating energy during respiration in this organism, you use two drugs. These drugs can each pick up electrons from specific intermediates in the pathway as shown above. You treat cells carrying out respiration with either a saturating dose of drug A or B, so that all the electrons which would normally continue along the pathway are captured by the drug in question. Complete the following table. In the presence of drug A, will the rate of ATP synthesis increase, decrease, or stay the same? Explain your reasoning. In the presence of drug B, will the rate of ATP synthesis increase, decrease, or stay the same? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardHow many protons cross the inner mitochondrial membrane at the following enzyme complex locations when two electrons from an FADH2 molecule are passed through the electron transport chain. a. Complex I b. Complex II c. Complex III d. Complex IVarrow_forward
- Specify, by name and by number present, the structural subunits present in an ATP molecule.arrow_forwardPut the following substances in the correct order in which they are first encountered in the common metabolic pathway: succinate, FeSP, CO2, FADH2.arrow_forwardThe first step of the metabolic process known as glycolysis is the conversion of glucose to glucose- 6-phosphate. This process has a positive value for rG' Glucose + Pi Glucose-6-phosphate + H2O rG' = +13.8 kJ/mol-rxn This reaction is coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP ATP + H2O ADP + Pi rG' = -30.5 kJ/mol-rxn What is the sum of these two equations and the value of rG' for the coupled reaction? Is the coupled reaction product-favored at equilibrium?arrow_forward
- Name and contrast the two types of modulators.arrow_forwardThe enzyme catalysts for which gene expression levels are increased during gluconeogenesis in the liver are: pyruvate carboxylase, aldolase, and phosphofructokinase glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, pyruvate carboxylase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase hexokinase, phosphofructokinase 1, phosphofructokinase 2, and pyruvate kinase glucose-6-kinase, aldolase, and enolasearrow_forwardATP Synthase in plants has the same basic structure and function as the ATP Synthase in humans. O True O Falsearrow_forward
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