Hole's Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781259277368
Author: David N. Shier Dr., Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 2.2, Problem 8P
Summary Introduction
To differentiate: A molecule and compound.
Introduction: Elements are made of smallest complete units known as atoms. Atoms of various elements vary in their weight, size, and mode of interaction.
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19. On the diagram below
a. Label the three pictures as: DNA; polypeptide; or RNA.
b. Label the arrows as: translation or transcription/RNA processing.
c. Add the following details to the diagram.
Promoter region
TATA box
Transcription start site
Transcription terminator
Intron (A,B,C,D)
Exons (1,2,3,4,5)
Splice sites
5' cap
5' UTR (untranslated region)
3' poly A tail
3' UTR (untranslated region)
Translational start (AUG)
Translational stop (UGA, UAG, or UAA)
N and C ends of polypeptide
0000
Match the letter labels in the figure below to the terms. Some letter
labels are not used.
MNNNNNNIN
M
C
B
A
M
D
F
E
H
K
G
8
The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions.
1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction?
2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe:
a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why?
b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for?
3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale.
4) This pathway is sensitive to bacterial cell density. Describe two separate mutation that would render the pathway active independent of cell density. Briefly explain your rationale.
Mutation 1
Mutation 2
Chapter 2 Solutions
Hole's Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 2.1 - Give examples of how the study of living materials...Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 2LCh. 2.2 - Prob. 3LCh. 2.2 - Prob. 4LCh. 2.2 - Prob. 5LCh. 2.2 - Prob. 6LCh. 2.2 - Prob. 7LCh. 2.2 - Prob. 8LCh. 2.2 - Prob. 1PCh. 2.2 - Prob. 2P
Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 3PCh. 2.2 - Prob. 4PCh. 2.2 - What is an ion?
Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 6PCh. 2.2 - Prob. 7PCh. 2.2 - Prob. 8PCh. 2.2 - How does the hydrogen ion concentration compare...Ch. 2.2 - What is a molecular formula? A structural...Ch. 2.2 - Describe three kinds of chemical reactions.
Ch. 2.2 - Compare the characteristics of an acid with those...Ch. 2.2 - What does pH measure?
Ch. 2.2 - Prob. 13PCh. 2.3 - List the major inorganic chemicals in cells and...Ch. 2.3 - Describe the general functions of the four main...Ch. 2.3 - Prob. 14PCh. 2.3 - How do electrolytes and nonelectrolytes differ?
Ch. 2.3 - Name the inorganic substances common in body...Ch. 2.3 - Why is it incorrect to say that “fat” is another...Ch. 2.3 - Compare the chemical composition of carbohydrates,...Ch. 2.3 - How does an enzyme affect a chemical reaction?
Ch. 2.3 - What is the chemical basis of the great diversity...Ch. 2.3 - What are the functions of nucleic acids?
Ch. 2 - Prob. 1CACh. 2 - Prob. 2CACh. 2 - Prob. 3CACh. 2 - Prob. 4CACh. 2 - Prob. 5CACh. 2 - Prob. 6CACh. 2 - Prob. 7CACh. 2 - Prob. 8CACh. 2 - Prob. 9CACh. 2 - Prob. 10CACh. 2 - Prob. 11CACh. 2 - Prob. 12CACh. 2 - Prob. 13CACh. 2 - Prob. 14CACh. 2 - Prob. 15CACh. 2 - Prob. 16CACh. 2 - Prob. 17CACh. 2 - Prob. 18CACh. 2 - Prob. 19CACh. 2 - Distinguish between electrolytes and...Ch. 2 - Prob. 21CACh. 2 -
List several ions in body fluids.
Ch. 2 - Describe the general characteristics of...Ch. 2 -
Distinguish between simple sugars and complex...Ch. 2 - Describe the general characteristics of lipids,...Ch. 2 - A triglyceride molecule consists of __________.
3...Ch. 2 - Explain the difference between saturated and...Ch. 2 - Prob. 28CACh. 2 - List at least three functions of proteins.
Ch. 2 - Describe four levels of protein structure.
Ch. 2 - Prob. 31CACh. 2 - Describe the structure of nucleic acids.
Ch. 2 - Explain the major functions of nucleic acids.
Ch. 2 - Prob. 1IACTCh. 2 - Prob. 2IACTCh. 2 - Prob. 3IACTCh. 2 - A topping for ice cream contains fructose,...Ch. 2 - Prob. 5IACTCh. 2 - Prob. 6IACTCh. 2 - Prob. 7IACT
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