What is Life? A Guide to Biology with Physiology
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781464157745
Author: Jay Phelan
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 22, Problem 3MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Water is present in almost all components of the body, and plays a role in most reactions within the body.
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A change in ion (salt) concentrations in an animal’s body may result ina. altered membrane potentials that disrupt normal cell function.b. disruption of certain biochemical processes that occur in the cell.c. movement of water between fluid compartments.d. a and b only.e. a, b, and c.
In a freshwater fish, a. water moves into the fish by osmosis.b. ions diffuse into the fish.c. urine has a high solute concentration.d. cells pump ions out of the fish.
To keep the proper concentrations of water and solutes in their blood, freshwater bony fish must drinka. lots of water and excrete large volumes of urine that are hypotonic to body fluids.b. no water and excrete large volumes of urine that are hypotonic to body fluids.c. lots of water and excrete large volumes of urine that are isotonic to body fluids.d. no water and excrete large volumes of urine that are isotonic to body fluids.
Chapter 22 Solutions
What is Life? A Guide to Biology with Physiology
Ch. 22 - Prob. 1SACh. 22 - Prob. 2SACh. 22 - Prob. 3SACh. 22 - Prob. 4SACh. 22 - Prob. 5SACh. 22 - Prob. 6SACh. 22 - Prob. 7SACh. 22 - Prob. 8SACh. 22 - Prob. 9SACh. 22 - Prob. 10SA
Ch. 22 - Prob. 11SACh. 22 - Prob. 12SACh. 22 - Prob. 13SACh. 22 - Prob. 14SACh. 22 - Prob. 15SACh. 22 - Prob. 16SACh. 22 - Prob. 1MCCh. 22 - Prob. 2MCCh. 22 - Prob. 3MCCh. 22 - Prob. 4MCCh. 22 - Prob. 5MCCh. 22 - Prob. 6MCCh. 22 - Prob. 7MCCh. 22 - Prob. 8MCCh. 22 - Prob. 9MCCh. 22 - Prob. 10MCCh. 22 - Prob. 11MCCh. 22 - Prob. 12MCCh. 22 - Prob. 13MCCh. 22 - Prob. 14MCCh. 22 - Prob. 15MC
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- Which of the following is not a part of animal cells' ECM? Select one: a. cellulose b. elastin c. Proteoglycans such as glycosaminoglycan (GAGS) d. Collagen e. Fibronectin OOarrow_forward18. The largest amount of water in an animal's body is present as A. extracellular fluid. B. intracellular fluid. C. plasma. D. interstitial fluid.arrow_forwardFreshwater vertebrates ... A. are hyperosmotic regulators. B. produce large volumes of hypoosmotic urtine. C. maintain lower osmolalities of extracellular fluid (blood) compared with marine fishes in order to reduce osmotic water intake. D. are adapted to take in Na+, Cl– and Ca2+ by means of active transport across the gills and skin. E. ALl of the above answer choices correctly complete the sentence.arrow_forward
- What processes occur in biological tissues when direct current is passed through them? Oa. ATP synthesis occurs. O b. The concentration of ions in tissue elements and in cells is kept constant, The breakdown of glucose occurs. O C. lons of tissue electrolytes move along the lines of force of the electric field; In tissue elements and in cells, the concentration of ions changes.arrow_forwardA marine shark is best described as... A. A hypo-ionic, hypo-osmotic ammonotele B. A hypo-ionic, ureotelic osmoconformer C. An ammonotelic iono- and osmoconformer D. A uricotelic hyperionic, hyperosmotic regulator E. None of the abovearrow_forwardThe ultimate cause of death due to dehydration is a fluid/volume shift that causes structural changes to cells and cellular proteins. Which of the following correctly describes the steps that lead to this lethal fluid/volume shift? 50. A. Extracellular osm.pressure increases..which leads to an increase in total-body- water. Water then moves out of cells. B. A net water loss causes intracellular osm.-press. to decrease. Water then moves out of cells. C. A netwater loss causes extracellular osm.-press. to decrease; total-body-water increases and fluid moves out of cells. D. A net water loss causes total-body-water to decrease and extracellular osm-press to increase. Water then moves down its' concentration gradient (out of cells) into the extracellular space.arrow_forward
- 1. How do animals transport materials inside their bodies?2. What structures are necessary in animal transport?3. State the function of the following components of animal transport: heart, blood and blood vessels.arrow_forwardThe figure at right illustrates the relationship between body fluid osmotic concentration and environment osmotic concentration for several aquatic animals. In seawater (ambient osmotic pressure = 1000 mOsm), the shrimp is best described as... A. A hypo-ionic regulator B. A hyperosmotic conformer C. A hypo-osmotic regulator D. A euryhaline conformer E. None of the above Blood osmotic pressure (mOsm) 1500 1000 500 0 0 Green crab Mussel Shrimp 500 1000 Ambient osmotic pressure (mOsm) 1500arrow_forward1. Explain the three components of homeostatic control. Also, compare and contrast negative vs. positive feedback mechanisms and give an example of each type and explain. 2. Clearly explain how hydrogen bonds are formed using water as an example. [Hint: Include electron structure of water and include what relative electronegativities are and how they work to develop partial +/- charges.] 3. Define osmosis and characterize isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic solutions and what happens to the cell(s) when placed into these solutions and the direction of water movement if any. Also, state which tonicity is optimal for animal cells and why. 4. Describe in detail how the sodium/potassium pump works and give at least one example of why it is important in the body.arrow_forward
- Most marine invertebrates are osmotic conformers. How does their body fluid differ from that of sharks and rays, which are also in near osmotic equilibrium with their environment?arrow_forwardI. Metabolism is the elimination of metabolic wastes including nitrogenous wastes produced from the breakdown of proteins. II. Diffusion is the movement of water from a region of higher osmolarity to a region of lower osmolarity across a selectively permeable membrane. A. If the two statements are both correct B. If the first statement is correct while the second one is not C. If the second statement is correct while the first one is not D. If the two statements are both incorrect I. The functional units of the kidney where urine is formed. II. Kidneys serve as specialized organs for osmoregulation and excretion A. If the two statements are both correct B. If the first statement is correct while the second one is not C. If the second statement is correct while the first one is not D. If the two statements are both incorrectarrow_forwardSharks live in marine (saltwater) habitats and are osmoconformers. Based on this information which of the following is/are true (select all that apply): A. Sharks have tissues/body fluids that are isoosmotic relative to the environment B. Sharks have tissues/body fluids that are hypoosmotic relative to the environment C. Sharks devote considerable energy to osmoregulation D. Sharks do not devote much energy to osmoregulationarrow_forward
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