Concept explainers
In a population of flowers growing in a meadow,
a. Assuming the population begins in
b. Assuming random mating takes place among survivors, what are the genotype frequencies in the second generation?
c. If predation continues, what are the allele frequencies when the second generation mates?
d. What are the equilibrium frequencies of
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Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (2nd Edition)
- Consider a situation where F1 is backcrossed with one of its parental lineage and we obtained A1H1/A2H2 : A2H1/A2H2 : A2H2/A2/H2: A1H2/A2H2 = 295 : 186 : 310 : 209, where A1 and A2 are alleles at a locus and H1 and H2 are alleles at the other locus. What is the recombination (genetic) distance between the two loci in centimorgans? A. 8.9 B. 22.5 C. 18.4 D. 50 E. 39.5arrow_forwardThe gel image below shows 7 alleles, let's call them 1-7 in order of size, with 1 being the largest and 7 being the smallest. In this sample of 11 individuals, what percentage of individuals have allele 7? Please type your answer as a number, rounded to the nearest whole percentage, just type the number, not the symbol. Answer: In the gel image below 0 percent of individuals have allele 7. Photograph of UV illuminated 1% agarose TBE gel run for 40 minutes at 120 V, showing the result of PCR from a variable number tandem repeat region in 11 different individuals (A-K) ... A B C DE F G H IJK 2000| 1650 1000 850 600 500 Кey: Lane 1: DNA ladder, see image for fragment sizes (bp). Lanes 2-13: PCR products from the same variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) autosomal region of DNA from 11 different individuals (A-K).arrow_forwardCross Cross A Cross A Cross B Cross B Phenotype F1 generation F2 generation F1 generation F2 generation Male red eyes 132 150 0 99 Female red eyes 135 295 110 101 Male white eyes 0 147 105 93 Female white eyes 0 0 0 95 Using “+” to indicate the wildtype red-eyed allele and “w” to indicate the mutant white-eyed allele, state the genotypes of the following: Wildtype red-eyed and white-eyed parental flies from cross A and cross B. Males and females from the F1 generation flies from cross A and cross B Males and females, F2 generation flies from cross A and cross B.arrow_forward
- A family pedigree is shown here. A. What is the inbreeding coefficient for individual IV-3? B. Based on the data shown in this pedigree, is individual IV-4 inbred?arrow_forwardCougar coat color and eye color are determined by two genes on the same chromosome, gene C and gene E. Gene C has two alleles: the dominant allele C produces wild type (tan) coats and the recessive allele c produces white coats. Gene E has two alleles: the dominant allele E produces wild type (brown eyes) and the recessive allele e confers blue eyes. To determine the recombination rate between these two loci you cross a wild-type cougar (CCEE) to a white-coated, blue-eyed cougar to produce a diheterozygous male cougar (CcEe). You then mate F1 male to a series of white-coated, blue-eyed female cougars to produce a panel of F2 offspring in the table below. What is the recombination rate between the two loci? Express your answer in map units, rounded to the nearest integer. phenotype number of F1 offspring tan coat, brown eyes 200 tan coat, blue eyes 50 white coat, blue eyes 201 white coat, brown eyes 55arrow_forwardThe table below shows the progeny of a test cross of a heterozygote (HhFfGg). Each row shows the number of progeny that inherited each combination of alleles from the heterozygous parent. You've already determined the gene order (G is in the middle) and labeled each type of progeny. Using this information, what is the recombination frequency between H and G? Alleles: Type: HGF hgf HgF h Gf Hgf h GF HGf hg F O 0.543 0.302 O 0.241 O 0.23 0.139 Parental Parental DCO DCO SCO (H-G) SCO (H-G) SCO (G-F) SCO (G-F) Count: 124 119 15 18 51 55 38 40 O The correct answer is not available.arrow_forward
- Among a population of lizards inhabiting an arid habitat, the skin color is controlled by two alleles—B (brown skin color) that is dominant over b (green skin color). The green lizards comprise only 4 percent of the population whereas the brown lizards comprise the rest. Over a long period of time, increased rainfall in the area leads to transformation of the habitat, with growth of shrubs and small trees. The brown and green lizard numbers almost reverse with the green lizards approaching 81 percent of the total population. Calculate the allele frequency for the green skin color before and after the climate change occurred. Why did the brown lizard, which initially had greater relative fitness than the green lizard, reduce in number drastically? A. 2, 9; because relative fitness is dependent on environmental conditions B. 0.2, 0.9; because relative fitness is dependent on environmental conditions C. 0.2, 0.9; because the green lizard population acquired new…arrow_forwardOn the planet Kermit, in the Muppet population, there are two autosomal loci of interest. The first locus has alleles A and a, and the second locus has alleles B and b. A and B are the dominant alleles at the respective loci. The loci act in an epistatic manner, identical to the way two genes interact to produce coat color in labradors. The phenotype here is muppet hair color. We have the following results: Muppet hair color as a function of two-locus genotypes Two-locus genotype Muppet hair color A_B_ Cookie monster blue aaB_ Elmo red __bb Janice blonde If two doubly-heterozygous Cookie-monster blue-haired muppets mate, and produce 3200 children, which of the follow values most closely represents the expected number of Elmo red-haired offspring? The answer allows for random variation in hair color. A. 1536 B. 672 C. 1242 D. 200 E. 549arrow_forwardHere's the cheat-sheet below. tt nontaster (homozygous recessive): single band at 221bp TT taster (homozygous dominant): two bands (177bp and 44bp) Tt taster (heterozygous): 3 bands representing both alleles (221bp, 177bp, 44 bp) MARKER tt nontaster TT taster U D Tt taster U D MARKER PBR322/ U D 100 bp ladder BstNI 1857 bp 929 bp 383 bp 121 bp 221 bp 177 bp 44 bp primer dimer if present) This figure shows you expected results for the 3 possible genotypes. The U is for "undigested', meaning what you see before using the restriction enzyme. The D is for digested. Q8) In the figure above, which was the BETTER ladder to use for this experiment? PBR322/BstNI or the 100 bp ladder?arrow_forward
- Stem length in plants is controlled by two CODOMINANT alleles of one autosomal - one allele, B, adds 2 cm to the length of the plant, and another allele, b reduces length by 0.5 cm. The base length of the plant's stem is 10 cm. A plant breeder wants to breed plants that are exactly 14.5 cm in stem length. He starts with crossing two heterozygotes, Bb x Bb. gene Assuming that you can ONLY breed plants of the same stem length, what cross(es) would the breeder have to set up in order to achieve this? Let's (i) (ii) that stem length segregates independently from flower color (also a say monogenic, autosomal, biallelic trait). If you crossed a homozygote from (i) i.e. a bb and homozygote red flowers with a plant that is homozygote BB and homozygote white flowers, intercross the F1, and observe the following numbers of progeny in the F2 generation: (iii) Height Flower Color Observed Number 14 cm Red 2 14 cm 14 cm Pink White 11.5 cm Red 7 11.5 cm Pink 13 11.5 cm White 6. 9 cm Red 9 cm Pink 6.…arrow_forwardIn a three point cross problem for genes Q, L, and T, you have identified the parentals and double recombinants. Using that data (shown below), what is the order of the genes? Type: Alleles parental q L t parental Q l T double cross over q L T double cross over Q l t Group of answer choices L Q T L T Q T L Q the correct answer is not availablearrow_forwardIn a certain plant, leaf size is determined by fourgenes whose alleles assort independently and actadditively. Thus, alleles A, B, C, and D each add4 cm to leaf length and alleles A′, B′, C′, andD′ each add 2 cm to leaf length. Therefore,an AA BB CC DD plant has leaves 32 cm longand an A′A′ B′B′ C′C′ D′D′ plant has leaves16 cm long.a. If true-breeding plants with leaves 32 cm longare crossed to true-breeding plants with leaves16 cm long, the F1 will have leaves 24 cm longand the genotype AA′ BB′ CC′ DD′. Listall possible leaf lengths and their expectedfrequencies in the F2 generation produced fromthese F1 plants.arrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning