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Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (2nd Edition)
- In an assessment of learning in Drosophila, flies were trained to avoid certain olfactory cues. In one population, a mean of 8.5 trials was required. A subgroup of this parental population that was trained most quickly (mean = 6.0) was interbred, and their progeny were examined. These flies demonstrated a mean training value of 7.5. Calculate realized heritability for olfactory learning in Drosophila.arrow_forwardPropose a hypotheses for this observation: In a study conducted by an undergraduate student, he obtained data showing that approximately 75% of the European Northern human population demonstrate the expression of a phenotype directly associated with the homozygous dominant genotype, while 25% display the mutant phenotype despite their genotypes being homozygous dominant.arrow_forwardIn the F2 generation, 306 rabbits with red eyes and 71 with a white eye phenotype suppose the calculated x2 value is 0.35. Find the x2 range using the distribution chart. What is the p-value range? using these information do you accept or reject the null hypothesis? The distribution chart is attached below.arrow_forward
- The following table summarises the results of the 2022-2023 Drosophila three-point cross involving the loci white eyes (w), miniature wings (m) and singed bristles (sn). The data is also available in the Excel file 'Drosophila Counts 2022-2023'. We strongly recommend working in Excel during this exercise.Phenotype Count+ + + 584w m sn 324w + + 227+ m sn 150+ m + 134w + sn 196 + + sn 134 w m + 92The aim of today's tutorial is to use the above data to establish the genetic map for these three loci. We have been told that all three loci are on the X chromosome; however, as scientists, we shouldn't simply take someone else's word for it - we need to test whether our data does, in fact, indicate linkage.As a first step, we will therefore conduct a chi-square test in order to test our data against the null hypothesis of independent assortment (i.e., "no…arrow_forwardA dominant mutation in Drosophila called Delta causes changes in wing morphology in Delta/Delta+ heterozygotes. Homozygosity for mutant alleles (Delta/Delta) is lethal prior to the adult stage. In a population of 150 adult flies, it was determined that 60 had normal wings and 90 had abnormal wings. What is the frequency of the mutant Delta allele in this population?arrow_forwardShow all workarrow_forward
- In a study conducted by an undergraduate student, Simran obtained data showing that approximately 75% of the European Northern human population demonstrate the expression of a phenotype directly associated with the homozygous dominant genotype, while 25% display the mutant phenotype despite their genotypes being homozygous dominant. Propose two hypotheses for this observation.arrow_forwardIn the nematode C. elegans, homozygosity for the e mutant allele causes an extreme "uncoordinated" phenotype, where the worm completely loses its ability to move. Examination of 100 individuals with genotype e/e reveals that 60 mutant worm can't move at all, 35 show a very reduced ability to move, and the remaining 5 seem to have a completely wild-type phenotype with respect to movement ability. These observations suggest that e has O incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity O low expressivity and variable penetrance Ohigh expressivity and variable penetrance O high penetrance and incomplete expressivityarrow_forwardStudents in a genetics laboratory began an experiment in an attempt to increase heat tolerance in two strains of Drosophila melanogaster. One strain was trapped from the wild six weeks before the experiment was to begin; the other was obtained from a Drosophila repository at a university laboratory. In which strain would you expect to see the most rapid and extensive response to heat-tolerance selection, and why?arrow_forward
- In Drosophila melanogaster, wing shape is an autosomal trait. Vestigal wing is recessive (v) to the dominant trait for the normal long wings (V). In a mainland source population, the allele frequency of v is 0.02 . A small, experimental population of 100 flies was introduced on an island and had 20 flies with vestigal wings and 40 heterozygotes. What are the allele frequencies of V and v in this introduced population? What proportion (%) of heterozygotes and homozygous recessive flies would you expect to see after a few generations of mating on this island? What phenomenon of population genetics does this experiment demonstrate? p+q=1, p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1arrow_forwardIn the fly speciation experiment described in class, Drosophila from a single culture was split into four isolated cultures, 2 raised on maltose food and two on starch food. After forty generations all possible crosses were done between maltose and starch flies and between the two starch populations. Flies from different food types had very low mating frequencies compared to flies from the same food type but flies from different starch populations only mated at a very slightly lower rate than flies from the same starch population. How would you interpret this finding? Group of answer choices A. allopatric speciation is more powerful than sympatric speciation B. flies are incapable of evolution C. drift causes divergence more rapidly than selection D. sympatric speciation is more powerful than allopatric speciation E. selection causes divergence more rapidly than driftarrow_forwardIn the fly speciation experiment described in class, Drosophila from a single culture was split into four isolated cultures, 2 raised on maltose food and two on starch food. After forty generations all possible crosses were done between maltose and starch flies and between the two starch populations. Flies from different food types had very low mating frequencies compared to flies from the same food type but flies from different starch populations only mated at a very slightly lower rate than flies from the same starch population. How would you interpret this finding?arrow_forward
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