Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321948908
Author: Mark F. Sanders, John L. Bowman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 22, Problem 12P
Biologists have proposed that the use of antibiotics to treat human infectious disease has played a role in the evolution of widespread antibiotic resistance in several bacterial species, including Staphylococcus aureus and the bacteria causing gonorrhea, tuberculosis, and other infectious diseases. Explain how the evolutionary mechanisms mutation and natural selection may have contributed to the development of antibiotic resistance.
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Explain why the answer is correct.
For eukaryote cells to evolve into new types of eukaryotic organisms, which of the following would one expect to occur? The correct answer is E
a) these cells have evolved because they have different DNA because of mutations
b) Their endoplasmic reticulum is synthesizing new and/or different proteins.
c) These specialized cells activate new genes to synthesize new proteins.
d) these organisms have new characteristics because they have acquired new genes.
e) all of these are true
Based on what you know about the mechanisms through which the effective antibiotics work, describe ways in which a population of coli resistant to these drugs could evolve. How does this relate to the theory of evolution by natural selection?
Bacteria are better than elephants for experimental studies of evolution because:
A) Bacteria evolve, but elephants do not
B) We know much less about elephants than we do about bacteria, so it is
harder to design experiments to study their evolution.
C) Bacteria have much shorter life cycles than elephants, so we can study their
evolution over thousands of generations during the lifetime of a single
dons during the meattle of
usands
single
scientist.
scentist
D)
Bacteria are much lower on the tree of life than are elephants
OE) Elephants have much less genetic variation than bacteria
Chapter 22 Solutions
Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (2nd Edition)
Ch. 22 - 20.1 Compare and contrast the terms in each of the...Ch. 22 - In a population, what is the consequence of...Ch. 22 - 20.3 Identify and describe the evolutionary forces...Ch. 22 - Describe how natural selection can produce...Ch. 22 - Thinking creatively about evolutionary mechanisms,...Ch. 22 - 20.6 Genetic drift, an evolutionary process...Ch. 22 - Over the course of many generations in a small...Ch. 22 - Catastrophic events such as loss of habitat,...Ch. 22 - 20.9 George Udny Yule was wrong in suggesting that...Ch. 22 - 20.10 The ability to taste the bitter compound...
Ch. 22 - Figure 20.6 illustrates the effect of an ethanol ...Ch. 22 - 20.12 Biologists have proposed that the use of...Ch. 22 - 20.13 Two populations of deer, one of them large...Ch. 22 - 20.14 Directional selection presents an apparent...Ch. 22 - 20.15 What is inbreeding depression? Why is...Ch. 22 - 20.16 Certain animal species, such as the...Ch. 22 - Genetic Analysis 20.1 predicts the number of...Ch. 22 - 20.18 In a population of rabbits, and . The...Ch. 22 - Sickle cell disease (SCD) is found in numerous...Ch. 22 - 20.20 Epidemiologic data on the population in the...Ch. 22 - The frequency of tasters and nontasters of PTC...Ch. 22 - Tay-Sachs disease is an autosomal recessive...Ch. 22 - 20.23 Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common...Ch. 22 - 20.24 In the mouse, Mus musculus, survival in...Ch. 22 - 20.25 In a population of flowers growing in a...Ch. 22 - Assume that the flower population described in the...Ch. 22 - 20.27 ABO blood type is examined in a Taiwanese...Ch. 22 - 20.28 A total ofmembers of a Central American...Ch. 22 - 20.29 A sample offield mice contains individuals...Ch. 22 - Prob. 30PCh. 22 - Albinism, an autosomal recessive trait...Ch. 22 - Prob. 32PCh. 22 - 20.33 Evaluate the following pedigree, and answer...Ch. 22 - Evaluate the following pedigree, and answer the...Ch. 22 - The following is a partial pedigree of the British...Ch. 22 - Draw a separate hypothetical pedigree identifying...Ch. 22 - Prob. 37PCh. 22 - 20.38 Achromatopsia is a rare autosomal recessive...Ch. 22 - 20.39 New allopolyploid plant species can arise by...
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- How might the evolution of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria be slowed down or prevented? What might you need to know in order to achieve this aim?arrow_forwardHow do mutations and selection work together to create antibiotic resistance? Describe how antibiotics act as a selective pressure on a bacterial population and how mutations can lead to bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics.arrow_forwardIn hospitals where many tuberculosis patients are treated, the population of tuberculosis mycobacteria may be composed of multiresistant (to antibiotics) strains. How does the synthetic theory of evolution explain this fact?arrow_forward
- Many pathogenic bacteria have become resistent to antibiotics. a) Explain how Lamarck would explain this event. b) Explain how Darwin would explain this this event.arrow_forwardConsider figure 22.5b. The following statements are true. Choose all applicable options. a) Hair in this case is a developmental homology. b)The hair shown in both species can be considered a homology. c) The common ancestor of both species likely had hair. d) Both species have hair likely because they share a common ancestor.arrow_forwardThe neutral theory of molecular evolution is now accepted as part of the theory of evolution by natural selection. a)True b)Falsearrow_forward
- All evolutionary changes that allow a species to change in response to the environment are originally a result of A) beneficial DNA mutations. Eliminate B) movement to new environments where survival is easier. C) cross-breeding with other species of closely related organisms. D) adaptations that organisms make to the environment during their lifetimes. Not Gradedarrow_forwardMaria has a sore throat. Her father takes her to the doctor and she is given an antibiotic. After ten days, Maria is still sick. Use the model seen here and describe what has happened to Maria in terms of natural selection. A) The medicine causes some bacteria to become resistant to antibiotics. They survive and reproduce. B) Some of the bacteria are resistant to the antibiotic. They survive and reproduce, keeping Maria sick. C) After being subjected to the antibiotics, some bacteria change and they can survive the medicine. Maria remains sick. D) In a population of bacteria, variation exists. The bacteria that have increased resistance to medicine outcompete the non-resistant bacteria for food. Not Gradedarrow_forwardAlthough natural selection is sometimes called the survival of the fittest, it is ultimately a process of: a) differential reproduction b) differential consumption c) differential migration d) differential mutationarrow_forward
- place the evolutionary steps that led to complex multicellularity in the order in which they thought to have occurred. a) The ability of cells to stick to each other b) Differential gene expression in cells c) The ability to communicate between cells d) The ability to move molecules by bulk flowarrow_forwardExplain the experiment of prebiotic evolution done by Harold Urey and Stanley Miller.arrow_forwardIs gene transfer a form of eugenics? Is it advantageous to use gene transfer to eliminate some genetic disorders? Can this and other technology be used to influence the evolution of our species? Should there be guidelines for the use of genetic technology to control its application to human evolution? Who should create and enforce these guidelines?arrow_forward
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