Replacement of one N H 3 ligand by H 2 O in the complex ion [ C o ( N H 3 ) 6 ] 3 + changes its color from yellow to red. Explanation has to be given whether the color shift is in expected direction. Concept Introduction: The term Crystal field splitting refers to segregation of d-orbitals in to higher energy orbitals and lower energy orbitals when ligands approaches metal ion to co-ordinate. Crystal field splitting is said to be larger when the energy gap between higher energy d-orbitals and lower energy d-orbitals is larger. Crystal field splitting is said to be smaller when the energy gap between higher energy d-orbitals and lower energy d-orbitals is smaller. Spectrochemical series refers to the arrangement of ligands with respect to crystal field splitting they cause in the d-orbitals of a metal ion. The ligand that causes larger splitting pattern is referred to as stronger ligand. The ligands are arranged in increasing order of crystal field splitting they produce. I − < B r − < S 2 − < S C N − < C l − < N O 3 − < N 3 − < F − < O H − < C 2 O 4 2 − < H 2 O < N C S − < C H 3 C N < p y < N H 3 < e n < b i p y < p h e n < N O 2 − < P P h 3 < C N − < C O The ligand that causes larger crystal field splitting is strong ligand and the ligand that causes smaller splitting is termed as weak ligand.

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Chapter 22, Problem 22.63QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Replacement of one NH3 ligand by H2O in the complex ion [Co(NH3)6]3+ changes its color from yellow to red. Explanation has to be given whether the color shift is in expected direction.

Concept Introduction:

The term Crystal field splitting refers to segregation of d-orbitals in to higher energy orbitals and lower energy orbitals when ligands approaches metal ion to co-ordinate. Crystal field splitting is said to be larger when the energy gap between higher energy d-orbitals and lower energy d-orbitals is larger. Crystal field splitting is said to be smaller when the energy gap between higher energy d-orbitals and lower energy d-orbitals is smaller.

Spectrochemical series refers to the arrangement of ligands with respect to crystal field splitting they cause in the d-orbitals of a metal ion. The ligand that causes larger splitting pattern is referred to as stronger ligand.

The ligands are arranged in increasing order of crystal field splitting they produce.

I−<Br−<S2−<SCN−<Cl−<NO3−<N3−<F−<OH−<C2O42−<H2O<NCS−<CH3CN<py<NH3<en<bipy<phen<NO2−<PPh3<CN−<CO

The ligand that causes larger crystal field splitting is strong ligand and the ligand that causes smaller splitting is termed as weak ligand.

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