Chapter 22, Problem 20STP

To determine

To identify: The acid and base which results in the formation of ${\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$ in titration reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Introduction:

The reaction of acid and base results in the formation of a salt and water. This is known as neutralization reaction. The general reaction is represented as follows:

  $\text{HA}+\text{BOH}\to \text{AB}+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$

Here, HA is acid, BOH is base, AB is salt and ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ is water.

The above reaction is a neutralization reaction because resultant solution is neutral in nature.

The titration of acid and base is a neutralization reaction and end products of the reaction are salt and water.

Here, the given salt is ${\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}$ . To determine the acid and base, write the dissociation reaction for salt as follows:

  ${\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\left(aq\right)\to 2{\text{Na}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+{\text{SO}}_4^{2-}\left(aq\right)$

From the above reaction, it is clear that ${\text{Na}}^{+}$ comes from strong base NaOH and ${\text{SO}}_4^{2-}$ comes from strong acid ${\text{H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4^{}$ . The reaction in water is represented as follows:

  ${\text{Na}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\left(s\right)+2{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)\to 2\text{NaOH}\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_4^{}\left(aq\right)$

Conclusion:

Thus, the given acid and base are sulfuric acid $\left({\text{H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4^{}\right)$ and sodium hydroxide $\left(\text{NaOH}\right)$ respectively.