Chapter 22.1, Problem 3R

To determine

To State: The formula of three important acids and three important bases and describe their uses.

Explanation of Solution

Introduction:Acids are substance that produce hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.

Bases are substance that produce hydroxide ions when dissolved in water.

Three important acids are:

• Hydrochloric acid
Chemical formula: $\text{HCl}$

Uses: it is used in pickling of metals. Pickling removes metal oxides from the metal surface.

• Nitric acid
Chemical formula: ${\text{HNO}}_3$

Uses: it is used in the manufacture of fertilizers such as potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, and ammonium nitrate.

• Sulfuric acid
Chemical formula: ${\text{H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4$

Uses: it used in the manufacture of fertilizers, acids, and explosives.

Three important bases are:

• Sodium hydroxide
Chemical formula: $\text{NaOH}$

Uses: it is used in the manufacture of soap and other cleaners.

• Ammonia
Chemical formula: ${\text{NH}}_3$

Use: it used in the manufacture of fertilizers, industrial chemicals and synthetic products.

• Calcium hydroxide
Chemical formula: ${\text{Ca(OH)}}_2$

Use: it used for softening temporary hard water and in the manufacture of bleaching powder.

Conclusion: the three important acids are- hydrochloric acid ( $\text{HCl}$ ), nitric acid ( ${\text{HNO}}_3$ ), and sulfuric acid ( ${\text{H}}_2{\text{SO}}_4$ ) and three important bases are-sodium hydroxide ( $\text{NaOH}$ ), ammonia ( ${\text{NH}}_3$ ), and calcium hydroxide ( ${\text{Ca(OH)}}_2$ ).