Human Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780805382952
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 21.5, Problem 5QC
Summary Introduction
To review:
The change in the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood when a person hyperventilates and its effect on the pH (potential of hydrogen) of the blood.
Introduction:
The conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) is inevitable in maintaining the pH homeostasis. The hydrogen ions released during the dissociation of carbonic acid acts as a buffer and reduce the pH difference. The blood pH is greatly affected by two major changes. These changes are hyperventilation and hypoventilation.
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 21.1 - What are the main structures of the respiratory...Ch. 21.1 - 2. Is the larynx part of the upper or lower...Ch. 21.1 - Where are alveoli? What is their basic function?Ch. 21.1 - 4. List and define the four processes that make...Ch. 21.1 - 5. How does the respiratory system contribute to...Ch. 21.1 - List and describe four functions of the...Ch. 21.2 - Match the following terms with the correct...Ch. 21.2 - 2. Describe the external and internal structure...Ch. 21.2 - What happens to the glottis and the pitch of the...Ch. 21.2 - 4. What is the function of the tracheal mucosa?
Ch. 21.2 - How does the epithelium of the bronchial tree...Ch. 21.2 - Trace the pathway from the primary bronchi to the...Ch. 21.2 - 7. What structures make up the respiratory...Ch. 21.2 - Explain the structure of the pleural cavities.Ch. 21.3 - 3. What drives the movement of gases during...Ch. 21.3 - What does the intrapleural pressure prevent under...Ch. 21.3 - 5. How are inspiration and expiration achieved?
Ch. 21.3 - 6. What is airway resistance? What is the main...Ch. 21.3 - How does surfactant decrease surface tension?Ch. 21.3 - What drives the movement of gases?Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 7QCCh. 21.3 - Prob. 8QCCh. 21.4 - 1. How does the pressure gradient between two gas...Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 2QCCh. 21.4 - 3. What takes place during pulmonary gas...Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 4QCCh. 21.4 - Prob. 5QCCh. 21.4 - What are three factors that influence the...Ch. 21.5 - How is the majority of oxygen transported through...Ch. 21.5 - How do temperature, pH, PCO2, and BPG affect Hbs...Ch. 21.5 - 3. Why is the S shape of the oxygen-hemoglobin...Ch. 21.5 - What are the three ways in which the body...Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 5QCCh. 21.5 - Prob. 6QCCh. 21.6 - 1. Which steps of respiration rely on partial...Ch. 21.7 - 1. Which collection of neurons generates the...Ch. 21.7 - What are the functions of the dorsal and ventral...Ch. 21.7 - 3. Where are the central chemoreceptors located?...Ch. 21.7 - What do the central chemoreceptors trigger if...Ch. 21.7 - Prob. 5QCCh. 21.8 - 1. What are the differences between obstructive...Ch. 21.8 - 2. What are the three subtypes of COPD? What is...Ch. 21.8 - Prob. 3QCCh. 21 - Which of the following are functions of the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2CYRCh. 21 - 3. Mark the following statements as true or false....Ch. 21 - Prob. 4CYRCh. 21 - 5. Fill in the blanks: The structures that vibrate...Ch. 21 - Prob. 6CYRCh. 21 - Prob. 7CYRCh. 21 - Prob. 8CYRCh. 21 - Match each term with the correct definition....Ch. 21 - Prob. 10CYRCh. 21 - Which of the following does not affect the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 12CYRCh. 21 - Fill in the blanks: When the alveolar PO2...Ch. 21 - Prob. 14CYRCh. 21 - Match the following terms with the correct...Ch. 21 - 16. Fill in the blanks: Hyperventilation causes...Ch. 21 - The basic rhythm for breathing is maintained by...Ch. 21 - Prob. 18CYRCh. 21 - Prob. 19CYRCh. 21 - Prob. 20CYRCh. 21 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 21 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 21 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 21 - Prob. 4CYUCh. 21 - 1. When a person hyperventilates, what happens to...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2AYKACh. 21 - Prob. 3AYKACh. 21 - Prob. 4AYKACh. 21 - 5. Mrs. Jordan is brought to the emergency room by...Ch. 21 - What happens to the metabolic rate of skeletal...
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- What are some advantages of gas exchange in air over gas exchange in water?arrow_forwardWhat reactions enhance the transport of carbon dioxide throughout the body? How is carbon dioxide moved out of the body?arrow_forwardWhen the blood passes through the lungs, CO₂ is expelled and the hemoglobin picks up oxygen. Place the following steps in the correct order (1 = first thing to happen), assuming that it is the decreased [CO₂] during exhalation that initiates the transition. Carbonic anhydrase works to restore the CO₂/bicarbonate equilibrium, reducing the [H+] The T-state is less stabilized. Oxygen binds to the hemoglobin. Protons dissociate from the hemoglobin.arrow_forward
- How can the quantity of oxygen that dissolved in the plasma of the blood be calculated?arrow_forwardrespiratory failure refers to inadequate ventilation to provide oxygen to the tissues . How would the pH change in the respiratory failure ?arrow_forwardDoes carbon dioxide move from the blood to the tissue cells or from the tissue cells to the blood and Why does it move in this direction (use it's partial pressures)?arrow_forward
- Divers sometimes hyperventilate before swimming underwater for an extended period of time. However, this could cause a sudden blackout while they are under the surface and lead to potential drowning. What caused the blackout to occur?arrow_forwardWhat effect do increased CO2 levels or decreased pHhave on ventilation? How does this change in breathingaffect blood pH?arrow_forwardWhy does the bicarbonate buffer system need the respiratory system to work well?arrow_forward
- Exhaled air is ordinarily at body temperature and 100% humidity (i.e., it is fully saturated with water). Estimate the mass of H2O that is lost each day because of normal breathing. The saturation vapor pressure (SVP) of water at 37℃ is 47 mmHg and contains 44 mg/L of water, whereas at room temperature (20℃) it is 20 mmHg and contains only 18 mg/L.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding the role of the respiratory system in the acid-base status of the body is NOT TRUE? A. Non-volatile acids are excreted by ventilation B. Volatile acids are excreted by ventilation. OC. Hyperventilation can result in a respiratory alkalosis. D. Hypoventilation can result in a respiratory acidosis OE. Ventilation adjusts the PCO2-bicarbonate buffer system.arrow_forwardWhat is the effect of hyperventilation on respiratory alkalosis? increase decrease nochangearrow_forward
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