Human Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780805382952
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 21, Problem 2CYR
Summary Introduction
To review:
The blank space in the statement “Air enters the lungs through hollow passages collectively known as the ______, which terminate in grapelike clusters called _______. The lungs are encased in the ______ membranes.”
Introduction:
The respiratory system of the human body primarily functions to aid gaseous exchange. It comprises manyorgans that assist in the process, eventually culminating by the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between atmosphere and lungs. Respiratory system begins by inhaling oxygen through the nose, which then passes through the respiratory system and ends with exhaling out carbon dioxide.
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Part A: Below is the step-by-step path of air through the respiratory system, but the steps are not in correct sequence. Put them in order, numbering them from 1 to 8.
______ Air enters the alveoli.
______ Carbon dioxide passes out of the bloodstream, and is eventually exhaled.
______ Cilia and mucus trap tiny particles found in the air, and warm and moisten the air.
______ Air moves through smaller and smaller passageways called bronchi.
______ The trachea, or windpipe, then carries the air to the lungs.
______ Air enters the nose.
______ Oxygen passes into the bloodstream.
______ Air moves down the throat, or pharynx.
A small ridge of cartilage at the most inferior portion of the "windpipe" called the __________ now directs some air towards the left lung and some towards the right lung.
The air will now travel through a series of tubes that become smaller and smaller as they repeatedly branch; these tubes, very similar in structure to the "windpipe", are called __________.
Even tinier tubes continue branching; these tubes contain…
Smoking damages two parts of the respiratory system: the airways known as the [1] and small air sacs called the [2].
[3] in your airway helps capture debris (dust, smoke, pathogens) in the air you breathe, then structures called [4] sweep the [5] and debris out of your lungs.
Cigarette smoke irritates the lining of your airway, causing it to [6]; this makes the diameter of your airway [7] and slows the movement of air. Smoke also slows the movement of [8].
Is a "smoker's cough" due to damage of alveoli or bronchial tubes? [9]
Is a long-term smoker's difficulty breathing due to damage of alveoli or bronchial tubes? [10]
[11] is a lung disease caused by damage to the alveoli.
Chapter 21 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 21.1 - What are the main structures of the respiratory...Ch. 21.1 - 2. Is the larynx part of the upper or lower...Ch. 21.1 - Where are alveoli? What is their basic function?Ch. 21.1 - 4. List and define the four processes that make...Ch. 21.1 - 5. How does the respiratory system contribute to...Ch. 21.1 - List and describe four functions of the...Ch. 21.2 - Match the following terms with the correct...Ch. 21.2 - 2. Describe the external and internal structure...Ch. 21.2 - What happens to the glottis and the pitch of the...Ch. 21.2 - 4. What is the function of the tracheal mucosa?
Ch. 21.2 - How does the epithelium of the bronchial tree...Ch. 21.2 - Trace the pathway from the primary bronchi to the...Ch. 21.2 - 7. What structures make up the respiratory...Ch. 21.2 - Explain the structure of the pleural cavities.Ch. 21.3 - 3. What drives the movement of gases during...Ch. 21.3 - What does the intrapleural pressure prevent under...Ch. 21.3 - 5. How are inspiration and expiration achieved?
Ch. 21.3 - 6. What is airway resistance? What is the main...Ch. 21.3 - How does surfactant decrease surface tension?Ch. 21.3 - What drives the movement of gases?Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 7QCCh. 21.3 - Prob. 8QCCh. 21.4 - 1. How does the pressure gradient between two gas...Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 2QCCh. 21.4 - 3. What takes place during pulmonary gas...Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 4QCCh. 21.4 - Prob. 5QCCh. 21.4 - What are three factors that influence the...Ch. 21.5 - How is the majority of oxygen transported through...Ch. 21.5 - How do temperature, pH, PCO2, and BPG affect Hbs...Ch. 21.5 - 3. Why is the S shape of the oxygen-hemoglobin...Ch. 21.5 - What are the three ways in which the body...Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 5QCCh. 21.5 - Prob. 6QCCh. 21.6 - 1. Which steps of respiration rely on partial...Ch. 21.7 - 1. Which collection of neurons generates the...Ch. 21.7 - What are the functions of the dorsal and ventral...Ch. 21.7 - 3. Where are the central chemoreceptors located?...Ch. 21.7 - What do the central chemoreceptors trigger if...Ch. 21.7 - Prob. 5QCCh. 21.8 - 1. What are the differences between obstructive...Ch. 21.8 - 2. What are the three subtypes of COPD? What is...Ch. 21.8 - Prob. 3QCCh. 21 - Which of the following are functions of the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2CYRCh. 21 - 3. Mark the following statements as true or false....Ch. 21 - Prob. 4CYRCh. 21 - 5. Fill in the blanks: The structures that vibrate...Ch. 21 - Prob. 6CYRCh. 21 - Prob. 7CYRCh. 21 - Prob. 8CYRCh. 21 - Match each term with the correct definition....Ch. 21 - Prob. 10CYRCh. 21 - Which of the following does not affect the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 12CYRCh. 21 - Fill in the blanks: When the alveolar PO2...Ch. 21 - Prob. 14CYRCh. 21 - Match the following terms with the correct...Ch. 21 - 16. Fill in the blanks: Hyperventilation causes...Ch. 21 - The basic rhythm for breathing is maintained by...Ch. 21 - Prob. 18CYRCh. 21 - Prob. 19CYRCh. 21 - Prob. 20CYRCh. 21 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 21 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 21 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 21 - Prob. 4CYUCh. 21 - 1. When a person hyperventilates, what happens to...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2AYKACh. 21 - Prob. 3AYKACh. 21 - Prob. 4AYKACh. 21 - 5. Mrs. Jordan is brought to the emergency room by...Ch. 21 - What happens to the metabolic rate of skeletal...
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- In the diagram below, label the parts of the respiratory system and the structures that enclose some of its partsarrow_forwardThe respiratory components of the medulla consist of which of the following? Dorsal respiratory group Apneustic center Ventral respiratory group Pneumotaxic center 1 only 2 only 1 and 3 only 2 and 4 onlyarrow_forwardDue to its partial pressure gradient, carbon dioxide diffuses from cells into tissue fluid and into the ________; in the lungs, carbon dioxide diffuses into the ________. a. alveoli; bronchioles b. bloodstream; bronchioles c. alveoli; bloodstream d. bloodstream; alveoliarrow_forward
- Of the following, which does not explain why the partial pressure of oxygen is lower in the lung than in the external air? Air in the lung is humidified; therefore, water vapor pressure alters the pressure Carbon dioxide mixes with oxygen Oxygen is moved into the blood and is headed to the tissues Lungs exert a pressure on the air to reduce the oxygen pressure.arrow_forwardWhich is the order of airflow during inhalation? a. nasal cavity, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli b. nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli c. nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchioles, bronchi, alveoli d. nasal cavity, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoliarrow_forwardThe ________ is an airway that connects the nose and mouth with the ________. a. oral cavity; larynx b. pharynx; trachea c. trachea; pharynx d. pharynx; larynxarrow_forward
- Underwater, we humans cant compete with whales and other air-breathing marine mammals, which can stay submerged for extended periods. At the beach one day you meet a surfer who tells you that special training could allow her to swim underwater without breathing for an entire hour. From what you know of respiratory physiology, explain why she is mistaken.arrow_forwardWhat drives oxygen from the air spaces in alveoli, through tissue fluid, and across capillary epithelium? What drives carbon dioxide in the opposite direction?arrow_forwardWhen you sneeze, abdominal muscles abruptly contract, pushing your diaphragm upward. Given the discussion of the respiratory cycle in Section 10.4, why does this change expel air out your nose?arrow_forward
- The respiratory system_______. a. provides body tissues with oxygen b. provides body tissues with oxygen and carbon dioxide c. establishes how many breaths are taken per minute d. provides the body with carbon dioxidearrow_forwardGas exchange that occurs at the level of the tissues is called ________. external respiration inteipulmonarv respiration internal respiiation pulmonary ventilationarrow_forwardFigure 39.7 Which of the following statements about the mammalian respiratory system is false? When we breathe in, air travels from the pharynx to the trachea. The bronchioles branch into bronchi. Alveolar ducts connect to alveolar sacs. Gas exchange between the lung and blood takes place in the alveolus.arrow_forward
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Respiratory System; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_j-LD2YEqg;License: Standard youtube license