Chapter 21, Problem 88PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of ${\text{XeF}}_{\text{6}}$ with water.

Concept introduction:

Hydrolysis is a chemical process involving breaking a bond in a molecule using water. There are three types of hydrolysis; salt hydrolysis, acidic hydrolysis and basic hydrolysis. The ${\text{XeF}}_{\text{6}}$ molecule partially hydrolyse in water.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The molecular geometry of ${\text{XeO}}_3$ molecule is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The ground state outer electronic configuration of Xenon atom is ${\text{5s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{5p}}^6$, that is the total number of valence shell of electrons in sulfur atom is eight.

According to VSEPR theory, the geometry is predicted by the minimizing the repulsions between electron-pairs in the bonds and lone-pairs of electrons. The VSEPR theory is written as,

$\begin{array}{cccc}\text{Electron-pair}& \text{lone-pair}& \text{Electron-pair}\text{geometry}& \text{Molecular}\text{shape}\\ 2& 0& \text{Linear}& \text{Linear}\\ 3& 0& \text{Trigonal}\text{planar}& \text{Trigonal}\text{planar}\\ 2& 1& \text{Trigonal}\text{planar}& \text{Bent}\\ 4& 0& \text{Tetrahedral}& \text{Tetrahedral}\\ 3& 1& \text{Tetrahedral}& \text{Pyramidal}\\ 2& 2& \text{Tetrahedral}& \text{V}-\text{shape}\\ 5& 0& \text{Trigonal}\text{bipyramidal}& \text{Trigonal}\text{bipyramidal}\\ 4& 1& \text{Trigonal}\text{bipyramidal}& \text{See}-\text{saw}\\ 3& 2& \text{Trigonal}\text{bipyramidal}& \text{T}-\text{shape}\\ 2& 3& \text{Trigonal}\text{bipyramidal}& \text{Linear}\\ 6& 0& \text{Octahedral}& \text{Octahedral}\\ 5& 1& \text{Octahedral}& \text{Square}\text{pyramidal}\\ 4& 2& \text{Octahedral}& \text{Square}\text{planar}\end{array}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine the $\text{Xe}-\text{O}$ bond energy in ${\text{XeO}}_3$ molecule.

Concept introduction:

The bond dissociation energy is the energy required to break one mole of the gas (in gaseous state) to give the separate atoms in a gaseous state. The bond dissociation energy is the energy of a single bond while bond energy is the average of the all bond dissociation energies. For the diatomic molecule bond dissociation energy is equal to the bond energy of the molecule.

The change of enthalpy to form one mole of a substance from its constituent elements with all substances in the standard form is known as standard enthalpy of formation.

The standard enthalpy of formation $\left({\Delta }_f{\text{H}}^{\circ }\right)$ in terms of standard bond dissociation enthalpy $\left({\text{B}}^{\circ }\right)$ is written as,

${\text{Δ}}_{\text{f}}{\text{H}}^{\circ }={\displaystyle \sum {\text{B}}^{\circ }{}_{\text{products}}-{\displaystyle \sum {\text{B}}^{\circ }{}_{\text{reactants}}}}$                                                                               (1)