Concept explainers
Interpretation:
To determine the
Concept introduction:
The Gibbs free energy or the free energy change is a
The expression for the enthalpy change is:
The expression for the entropy change is:
Answer to Problem 24PS
The value of
The value of
The value of
Explanation of Solution
The
Given:
Refer to Appendix L for the values of standard free energy values.
The given reaction is,
The
The
The
The
The expression for the free energy change is:
Substitute the values,
The
The
The
The
The expression for the enthalpy change is:
Substitute the values,
The
The
The
The
The expression for the entropy change is:
Substitute the values,
The value of
The value of
The value of
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
- Data are given in Appendix 1 for white phosphorus, P4(s). P4(g) has the following thermodynamic values: Hf=58.9kJ/mol , S=280.0J/kmol . What is the temperature at which white phosphorus sublimes at 1 atm pressure?arrow_forwardUse data from Appendix J to calculate the enthalpy change and the Gibbs free energy change for the reduction of chromium(III) oxide by aluminum.arrow_forwardAround 10,000 tonnes of PCI, is produced per year as it is used as an important chlorinating reagent. Given: 2P(g) + 3Cl;(g)-2PCI,(g) K- 15.0 PCI,(2) + Cl:(g) - PCI:(g) K-4.0 What is the value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction below? ZP(g) • SCI;(g) - 2PCI,(g) a 240 b. 31 C. 23 d. 60 10arrow_forward
- Hydrogen peroxide can be prepared in several ways. One method is the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, another method is the reaction between water and oxygen. Calculate the AGxn of each reaction using values from the table of thermodynamic properties. (1) H₂(g) + O₂(g) → H₂0₂ (1) AGixn = (2) H₂O(l) + O₂(g) ⇒ H₂O₂ (1) AGixn = Which method requires less energy under standard conditions? reaction (1) reaction (2) kJ.mol-1 kJ.mol-¹arrow_forwardDinitrogen trioxide is an unstable compound that exists in equilibrium with nittrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide. Calculate Kp for this reaction at 298.15K. Give delta G standard (kJ/mol) of N2O3 is 139.3, NO 86.6, NO2 is 51.3.arrow_forwardAs discussed in class, the Haber-Bosch process for ammonia production proceeds via the reaction, N2(g) + 3 H2(g) = 2 NH3(g) at 400 °C. Assuming that both reaction enthalpy and entropy remains unchanged between 25 °C to 400 °C, estimate the value of the thermodynamic equilibrium constant at 400 C. O 6.0 x 104 O 2.8 x 104 0.15 x 104 O cannot be determined O 3.0 x 10-4arrow_forward
- About 50,000 kJ of electrical energy is required to produce 1.0 kg of Al from its Al(OH)3 ore. The major energy cost in recycling aluminum cans is the melting of the aluminum. The enthalpy of fusion of Al(s) is 10.7 kJ mol-1.Compare the energy cost for making new aluminum with that for recycling.arrow_forwardNn.156. Subject :- Chemistryarrow_forwardgreater than or less than for the first partarrow_forward
- A chemical element “A" reacts with HNO, to give a solution of compound "B". Thermal decomposition of “B" yields a yellow compound "C". Heating of "C" in oxygen at 500 °C gives a red compound "D" (the mass of the solid is increased by 2.4%) (confirm by calculations). Compound "D" can react with concentrated hydrochlorie acid producing a yellow-green gas and a compound "E". When “D" reacts with the glacial acetic acid, a white crystalline “F" is produced as well as a solution of compound "G". When Cl, gas is passed through the solution of "G", an additional amount of "F" can be produced. When H,S gas is passes through the solution of “B", a black precipitate “H" forms. The latter reacts with H,O, yielding a white compound "I" Determine the molecular formulas of compounds “A"-"I" and write the chemical equations for all mentioned reactions. O2, 500 °C HCI(conc.) "D" HNO3 heat "A" "B" "E" yellow red CH3COOH glacial H2S H2O2 "H" "" "F" + "G" black Cl2arrow_forwardFor the common allotropes of carbon (graphite and diamond), C(gr) ⟷⟷ C(dia) with equilibrium constant K = 0.32. The molar volumes of graphite and diamond are, respectively, 5.30 cm3/mol and 3.42 cm3/mol; ΔHf of diamond is 1.90 kJ/mol. These data suggest that the formation of diamond is favored at Group of answer choices None of the answers is correct. low temperatures and high pressures. high temperatures and high pressures. low temperatures and low pressures. high temperatures and low pressures.arrow_forwardA major source of sodium metal is the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride. What magnitude of current is required to produce 1.0 kg of sodium metal in one hour?arrow_forward
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