EBK MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING & TECHNOL
7th Edition
ISBN: 8220100793431
Author: KALPAKJIAN
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 21, Problem 56QTP
To determine
Determine the percentage change in the chip thickness for the orthogonal cutting with friction angle is
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Following are the data in an orthogonal cutting
operation.
Rake angle = 15°
Cutting speed = 20 m/min
Chip thickness = 0.7 mm
Width of cut = 4.5 mm
Cutting ratio = 0.714
Assuming Merchant's theory, coefficient of friction at
the tool-chip interface is
3. Draw the forces and angles involved in the cutting process and calculate shear angle
(Ø), friction coefficient and tangential force if ,cutting force = 80 kN , resultant of
forces =100kN , friction force=75kN, rake angle =20° undeformed chip thickness =
0.65mm and deformed chip thickness = 0.72mm .
In an orthogonal cutting test with a bar of 75 mm diameter is reduced to 73 mm by using a HSS tool with arake angle = 10o, following observations were made: length of the chip, lc = 69.44 mm, cutting ratio r =0.3, the horizontal component of the cutting force, FH = 1450 N, and the vertical component of the cuttingforce, FV = 850 N. The various parameters recorded in this cutting operation are: depth of cut, d = 2 mm;feed rate, f = 0.3 mm/rev, cutting speed, V = 60 m/min. Using Merchant’s theory calculate the following:1) Friction force along rake face2) Normal force acting on rake face3) Shear force along the shear plane4) Normal force acting on shear plane5) The percentage error in shear angle predicted by Merchant’s theory6) Shear velocity7) Chip velocity8) Total work done9) The shear work proportion out of the total work done10) The friction work proportion out of the total work done
Chapter 21 Solutions
EBK MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING & TECHNOL
Ch. 21 - Explain why continuous chips are not necessarily...Ch. 21 - Name the factors that contribute to the formation...Ch. 21 - What is the cutting ratio? Is it always less than...Ch. 21 - Explain the difference between positive and...Ch. 21 - Explain how a dull tool can lead to negative rake...Ch. 21 - Comment on the role and importance relief angle.Ch. 21 - Explain the difference between discontinuous chips...Ch. 21 - Why should we be interested in the magnitude of...Ch. 21 - What are the differences between orthogonal and...Ch. 21 - What is a BUE? Why does it form?
Ch. 21 - Is there any advantage to having a built-up edge...Ch. 21 - What is the function of chip breakers? How do they...Ch. 21 - Identify the forces involved in a cutting...Ch. 21 - Explain the characteristics of different types of...Ch. 21 - List the factors that contribute to poor surface...Ch. 21 - Explain what is meant by the term machinability...Ch. 21 - What is shaving in machining? When would it be...Ch. 21 - List reasons that machining operations may be...Ch. 21 - Are the locations of maximum temperature and...Ch. 21 - Is material ductility important for machinability?...Ch. 21 - Explain why studying the types of chips produced...Ch. 21 - Prob. 22QLPCh. 21 - Tool life can be almost infinite at low cutting...Ch. 21 - Explain the consequences of allowing temperatures...Ch. 21 - The cutting force increases with the depth of cut...Ch. 21 - Why is it not always advisable to increase the...Ch. 21 - What are the consequences if a cutting tool chips?Ch. 21 - What are the effects of performing a cutting...Ch. 21 - Prob. 29QLPCh. 21 - Prob. 30QLPCh. 21 - Prob. 31QLPCh. 21 - Prob. 32QLPCh. 21 - Comment on your observations regarding Figs. 21.1...Ch. 21 - Prob. 34QLPCh. 21 - Comment on your observations regarding the...Ch. 21 - Why does the temperature in cutting depend on the...Ch. 21 - You will note that the values of a and b in Eq....Ch. 21 - Prob. 38QLPCh. 21 - Prob. 39QLPCh. 21 - Explain whether it is desirable to have a high or...Ch. 21 - The Taylor tool-life equation is directly...Ch. 21 - Prob. 42QLPCh. 21 - Why are tool temperatures low at low cutting...Ch. 21 - Can high-speed machining be performed without the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 45QLPCh. 21 - Prob. 46QLPCh. 21 - State whether or not the following statements are...Ch. 21 - Let n = 0.5 and C = 400 in the Taylor equation for...Ch. 21 - Assume that, in orthogonal cutting, the rake angle...Ch. 21 - Prob. 50QTPCh. 21 - Prob. 51QTPCh. 21 - Using trigonometric relationships, derive an...Ch. 21 - An orthogonal cutting operation is being carried...Ch. 21 - Prob. 54QTPCh. 21 - Prob. 55QTPCh. 21 - Prob. 56QTPCh. 21 - Show that, for the same shear angle, there are two...Ch. 21 - With appropriate diagrams, show how the use of a...Ch. 21 - In a cutting operation using a 5 rake angle, the...Ch. 21 - For a turning operation using a ceramic cutting...Ch. 21 - In Example 21.3, if the cutting speed V is...Ch. 21 - Using Eq. (21.30), select an appropriate feed for...Ch. 21 - With a carbide tool, the temperature in a cutting...Ch. 21 - The following flank wear data were collected in a...Ch. 21 - The following data are available from orthogonal...Ch. 21 - Prob. 66QTPCh. 21 - Design an experimental setup whereby orthogonal...Ch. 21 - Describe your thoughts on whether chips produced...Ch. 21 - Recall that cutting tools can be designed so that...Ch. 21 - Recall that the chip-formation mechanism also can...Ch. 21 - Prob. 73SDPCh. 21 - Describe your thoughts regarding the recycling of...Ch. 21 - List products that can be directly produced from...Ch. 21 - Obtain a wood planer and some wood specimens. Show...Ch. 21 - It has been noted that the chips from certain...Ch. 21 - As we have seen, chips carry away the majority of...
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- formula and calculationarrow_forwardIt is required to reduce the thickness of cast iron workpiece with dimensions (L x w x t) of (230 mm x 120 mm x 25 mm) to 22 mm using shaper machine. Given that average cutting speed is 21 m/min, feed 1.2 mm/double stroke, and return/cutting time ratio is 3/4. The approach at each end is 72 mm. If the permissible depth of cut is 2 mm, determine the cutting time in the following cases: i) Using shaper with a mechanically driven ram. ii) Using shaper with a hydraulically driven ram. Solution: i) Mechanically ( ii) Hydraulicallyarrow_forwardAssume that, in orthogonal cutting, the rake angle is 20 and the friction angle is 35 at thechip-tool interface. Determine the percentage change in chip thickness when the frictionangle is 50. Note that Merchant’s equation is more preferable.arrow_forward
- The following data was obtained from an orthogonal cutting test. Rake angle = 20° Depth of cut = 6 mm Feed rate = 0.25 mm/rev Cutting speed = 0.6 m/s Chip length before cutting = 29.4 mm Vertical cutting force = 1050 N Horizontal cutting force = 630 N Chip length after cutting = 12.9 mm Using Merchant's analysis, calculate (a) Magnitude of resultant force, (b) shear plane angle, (c) friction force and friction angle, and (d) various energies consumed.arrow_forwardThe outside diameter of a cylinder made of steel is to be turned. The starting diameter is 120 mm and the length is 1400 mm. The feed is 0.3 mm/rev and the depth of cut is 2.5mm. The cut will be made with a cemented carbide cutting tool whose Taylor tool life parameters are: n= 0.33 and C=500. Units for the Taylor equation are min for tool life and m/min for cutting speed. Compute the cutting speed that will allow the tool life to be just equal to the cutting time required to complete this turning operation.arrow_forward2 1.49 Assume that, in orthogonal cutting, the rake angle is 15° and the coefficient of friction is 0.2. Using Eq. (21.4),determine the percentage increase in chip thickness when the friction is doubled.arrow_forward
- Assume that, in orthogonal cutting, the rake angle, oz,is 20° and the friction angle, B, is 35° at the chip-tool interface.Determine the percentage change in chip thickness when the friction angle is 50°. (Note: do not use Eq. (21.3)arrow_forward3) The following data are available from orthogonal cutting experiment, Depth of cut t, = 0.13 mm, width of cut w = 2.5 mm, rake angle a = -5°, cutting speed v = 2 m/s, Chip thickness, t= 0.23 mm, cutting force, F. = 430 N, thrust force, F = 280 N. Determine the following: Shear angle Friction Coefficient u (using F= µ N) Shear Stress t,S Shear strain y on the shear plane. Power required to perform the operation. Gross power required if the efficiency of the machine is 85%. Specific Energy, Utarrow_forward(b) An orthogonal cutting operation is being carried out under the following conditions: depth of cut, to = 0.1 mm, chip thickness, to = 0.2 mm, width of cut = 4 mm, cutting speed, v = 3 m/s, rake angle, a = 10°, Cutting force, Fc = 500 N, and Thrust force, F1= 200 N. Calculate the percentage of the total energy that is dissipated in the shear plane of cutting process.arrow_forward
- Question 4. The following data are available from orthogonal cutting experiments. The depth of cut (feed) to = 0.13 mm, width of cut b = 2.5 mm, rake angle a = - 5°, and cutting speed V = 2 m/s. Chip thickness, t. (mm) = 0.23 Cutting force, F. (N) = 430 Thrust force, F; (N) = 280 Determine the shear angle ð, friction coefficient u , shear stress t, shear strain y on the shear plane, chip velocity Ve, and shear velocity Vs, as well as energies uf ,Ug, and uarrow_forwardIn orthogonal turning of a bar 100 mm diameter with a feed of 0.25 mm/rev., depth of cut = 4 mm, cutting velocity = 90 m/min. it is observed that the main cutting force is perpendicular to friction force acting at the chip tool interface and cutting force is 1500 N. find (i) rake angle (ii) normal force.arrow_forwardGiven that the length of a work-piece made from copper alloy to be face-milled is 250 mm and the width is 25 mm. The cutter diameter is 150 mm and the tooth number is 10. 1. If it takes 20 seconds to perform the cutting, suggest a cutting speed (in mm/s) and a feed (in mm/rev) to be used. 2. Give another set of values of cutting speed (in mm/s) and feed (in mm/rev) that can give the same cutting time as above.arrow_forward
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