An example of alkene which yields an alcohol on adding H 2 O needs to be determined. Concept Introduction: Multiple carbon−carbon bonds result when hydrogen atoms are removed from alkanes. Hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon−carbon double bond are called alkenes and the general formula is C n H 2n .

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 21, Problem 55E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An example of alkene which yields an alcohol on adding H2O needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Multiple carbon−carbon bonds result when hydrogen atoms are removed from alkanes. Hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon−carbon double bond are called alkenes and the general formula is CnH2n .

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An example of primary alcohol which is oxidized to aldehyde and further oxidized to carboxylic acids needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Alcohols are characterized by the presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH). The systematic name for an alcohol is obtained by replacing the final -e of the parent hydrocarbon with −ol.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An example of ketones formed from the oxidization of secondary alcohols needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Alcohols are characterized by the presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH). The systematic name for an alcohol is obtained by replacing the final -e of the parent hydrocarbon with −ol.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An example of reaction of alcohol with a carboxylic acid to produces an ester needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Alcohols are characterized by the presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH). The systematic name for an alcohol is obtained by replacing the final -e of the parent hydrocarbon with −ol.

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Which of the following alcohols can be oxidized to a carboxylic acid? Name the carboxylic acid produced. Forthose alcohols that cannot be oxidized to a carboxylic acid,name the final product.a. Ethanol c. 1-Propanolb. 2-Propanol d. 3-Pentanol

Identify the organic functional groups and reaction type for the following reaction.The reactant is a(n)a. secondary alcohol and ketoneb. secondary alcohol and aldehydec. tertiary alcohol and ketoned. primary alcohol and ketonee. ether and carboxylic acidf. tertiary alcohol and aldehydeg. primary alcohol and aldehydeThe product is a(n)a. carboxylic acidsb. ketone and carbioxylic acidc. ether and carboxylic acidd. ketone and aldehydee. secondary alcohol and carboxylic acidf. secondary alcohol and ketoneThe reaction type is:a. hydrolysisb. reduction (hydrogenation)c. esterificationd. dehydratione. hydrationf. oxidationg. amide synthesis

Identify the organic functional group of the reactant and the reaction type then predict the functional group(s) of the product(s).The reactant is a(n)a. ketoneb. esterc. amided. alcohole. carboxylic acidf. amineg. aldehydeThe reaction type isa. hydrationb. hydrolysis (in base)c. esterificationd. dehydratione. hydrolysis (in acid)f. amide synthesisThe product should be a(n)a. ketoneb. aldehydec. alcohol onlyd. estere. carboxylic acid and an alcoholf. carboxylic acid onlyg. amide

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 21, Problem 55E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An example of alkene which yields an alcohol on adding H2O needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Multiple carbon−carbon bonds result when hydrogen atoms are removed from alkanes. Hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon−carbon double bond are called alkenes and the general formula is CnH2n .

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An example of primary alcohol which is oxidized to aldehyde and further oxidized to carboxylic acids needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Alcohols are characterized by the presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH). The systematic name for an alcohol is obtained by replacing the final -e of the parent hydrocarbon with −ol.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An example of ketones formed from the oxidization of secondary alcohols needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Alcohols are characterized by the presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH). The systematic name for an alcohol is obtained by replacing the final -e of the parent hydrocarbon with −ol.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An example of reaction of alcohol with a carboxylic acid to produces an ester needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Alcohols are characterized by the presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH). The systematic name for an alcohol is obtained by replacing the final -e of the parent hydrocarbon with −ol.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 21, Problem 55E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An example of alkene which yields an alcohol on adding H2O needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Multiple carbon−carbon bonds result when hydrogen atoms are removed from alkanes. Hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon−carbon double bond are called alkenes and the general formula is CnH2n .

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An example of primary alcohol which is oxidized to aldehyde and further oxidized to carboxylic acids needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Alcohols are characterized by the presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH). The systematic name for an alcohol is obtained by replacing the final -e of the parent hydrocarbon with −ol.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An example of ketones formed from the oxidization of secondary alcohols needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Alcohols are characterized by the presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH). The systematic name for an alcohol is obtained by replacing the final -e of the parent hydrocarbon with −ol.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An example of reaction of alcohol with a carboxylic acid to produces an ester needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Alcohols are characterized by the presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH). The systematic name for an alcohol is obtained by replacing the final -e of the parent hydrocarbon with −ol.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 21, Problem 55E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An example of alkene which yields an alcohol on adding H2O needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Multiple carbon−carbon bonds result when hydrogen atoms are removed from alkanes. Hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon−carbon double bond are called alkenes and the general formula is CnH2n .

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An example of primary alcohol which is oxidized to aldehyde and further oxidized to carboxylic acids needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Alcohols are characterized by the presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH). The systematic name for an alcohol is obtained by replacing the final -e of the parent hydrocarbon with −ol.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An example of ketones formed from the oxidization of secondary alcohols needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Alcohols are characterized by the presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH). The systematic name for an alcohol is obtained by replacing the final -e of the parent hydrocarbon with −ol.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An example of reaction of alcohol with a carboxylic acid to produces an ester needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Alcohols are characterized by the presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH). The systematic name for an alcohol is obtained by replacing the final -e of the parent hydrocarbon with −ol.

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Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 55E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An example of alkene which yields an alcohol on adding H2O needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Multiple carbon−carbon bonds result when hydrogen atoms are removed from alkanes. Hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon−carbon double bond are called alkenes and the general formula is CnH2n .

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An example of primary alcohol which is oxidized to aldehyde and further oxidized to carboxylic acids needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Alcohols are characterized by the presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH). The systematic name for an alcohol is obtained by replacing the final -e of the parent hydrocarbon with −ol.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An example of ketones formed from the oxidization of secondary alcohols needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Alcohols are characterized by the presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH). The systematic name for an alcohol is obtained by replacing the final -e of the parent hydrocarbon with −ol.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An example of reaction of alcohol with a carboxylic acid to produces an ester needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Alcohols are characterized by the presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH). The systematic name for an alcohol is obtained by replacing the final -e of the parent hydrocarbon with −ol.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 55E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An example of alkene which yields an alcohol on adding H2O needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Multiple carbon−carbon bonds result when hydrogen atoms are removed from alkanes. Hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon−carbon double bond are called alkenes and the general formula is CnH2n .

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 55E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An example of alkene which yields an alcohol on adding H2O needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Multiple carbon−carbon bonds result when hydrogen atoms are removed from alkanes. Hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon−carbon double bond are called alkenes and the general formula is CnH2n .

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An example of primary alcohol which is oxidized to aldehyde and further oxidized to carboxylic acids needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Alcohols are characterized by the presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH). The systematic name for an alcohol is obtained by replacing the final -e of the parent hydrocarbon with −ol.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An example of primary alcohol which is oxidized to aldehyde and further oxidized to carboxylic acids needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Alcohols are characterized by the presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH). The systematic name for an alcohol is obtained by replacing the final -e of the parent hydrocarbon with −ol.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An example of ketones formed from the oxidization of secondary alcohols needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Alcohols are characterized by the presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH). The systematic name for an alcohol is obtained by replacing the final -e of the parent hydrocarbon with −ol.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An example of ketones formed from the oxidization of secondary alcohols needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Alcohols are characterized by the presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH). The systematic name for an alcohol is obtained by replacing the final -e of the parent hydrocarbon with −ol.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An example of reaction of alcohol with a carboxylic acid to produces an ester needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Alcohols are characterized by the presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH). The systematic name for an alcohol is obtained by replacing the final -e of the parent hydrocarbon with −ol.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An example of reaction of alcohol with a carboxylic acid to produces an ester needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Alcohols are characterized by the presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH). The systematic name for an alcohol is obtained by replacing the final -e of the parent hydrocarbon with −ol.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 21 - Prob. 1E Ch. 21 - Prob. 2E Ch. 21 - Why are cyclopropane and cyclobutane so reactive?Ch. 21 - Prob. 4E Ch. 21 - Prob. 5E Ch. 21 - Prob. 6E Ch. 21 - Prob. 7E Ch. 21 - Name the five structural isomers of C6H14 .Ch. 21 - Draw the structural formula for each of the...Ch. 21 - Prob. 10E

Solution Summary: The author explains that multiple carboncarbon bonds result when hydrogen atoms are removed from alkenes. The systematic name for an alcohol is obtained by replacing the final -e of the parent hydrocarbon with

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Chapter 21 Solutions