Chapter 21, Problem 21.60P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: A synthesis of given compound from the given starting materials is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The Wittig reaction utilizes carbon nucleophile from the Wittig reagent to yield alkenes. When a carbonyl compound is treated with a Wittig reagent, the $\text{C}=\text{O}$ bond of carbonyl is replaced by $\text{C}=\text{C}$, with by-product triphenylphosphine oxide $\left({\text{Ph}}_{\text{3}}\text{P}=\text{O}\right)$.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: A synthesis of given compound from the given starting materials is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Acetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded with two $\text{OR}$ groups through single bonds. They are used as protecting groups for aldehydes and ketones as they are stable enough in neutral to strong basic condition.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: A synthesis of given compound from the given starting materials is to be stated.

Concept introduction: Enamines are the groups in which nitrogen atom is bonded with an alkene $\left(\text{C}=\text{C}\right)$.A secondary amine yields enamine with a ketone, or an aldehyde. The reaction involves addition of nitrogen nucleophile followed by removal of water molecule.