
Concept explainers
Draw the products of each reaction.
a. e.
b. f.
c. g.
d. h.

(a)
Interpretation: The product of the given reaction is to be drawn.
Concept introduction: A carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) reacts with
Answer to Problem 21.46P
The product of the given reaction isdrawn in Figure 1.
Explanation of Solution
The given reaction involves the treatment of an aldehyde with a
A carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) reacts with
Thus, the product of the given reaction is,
Figure 1

(b)
Interpretation: The product of the given reaction is to be drawn.
Concept introduction: Acetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded with two
Answer to Problem 21.46P
The product of the given reaction isdrawn in Figure 2.
Explanation of Solution
The given reaction involves the treatment of a ketone with a diol.
Acetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded with two
Thus, the product of the given reaction is,
Figure 2

(c)
Interpretation: The product of the given reaction is to be drawn.
Concept introduction: The hydrolysis of both enamines and imines yield aldehydes or ketones. The mechanisms of both reactions are exactly opposite to their formations, as they are formed from the treatment of aldehyde/ketones with amines.
Answer to Problem 21.46P
The product of the given reaction isdrawn in Figure 3.
Explanation of Solution
The given reaction involves the hydrolysis of an imine.
The hydrolysis of both enamines and imines yield aldehydes orketones along with primary (imine) or secondary amine (enamine). The mechanisms of both reactions are exactly opposite to their formations, as they are formed from the treatment of aldehyde/ketones with amines.
Thus, the product of the given reaction is,
Figure 3

(d)
Interpretation: The product of the given reaction is to be drawn.
Concept introduction: A carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) reacts with
Answer to Problem 21.46P
The product of the given reaction isdrawn in Figure 4.
Explanation of Solution
The given reaction involves the treatment of ketone with
A carbonyl compound (aldehyde or ketone) reacts with
Thus, the product of the given reaction is,
Figure 4

(e)
Interpretation: The product of the given reaction is to be drawn.
Concept introduction: Cyanohydrins are the nucleophilic addition product of carbonyl compounds in which
Answer to Problem 21.46P
The product of the given reaction isdrawn in Figure 5.
Explanation of Solution
The given reaction involves the hydrolysis of cyanohydrin compound.
Cyanohydrins are the nucleophilic addition product of carbonyl compounds in which
Thus, the product of the given reaction is,
Figure 5

(f)
Interpretation: The product of the given reaction is to be drawn.
Concept introduction: Hemiacetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded to one
Answer to Problem 21.46P
The product of given reaction isdrawn in Figure 6.
Explanation of Solution
The given reaction involves the treatment of cyclic hemiacetal with ethanol in the presence of acid.
Hemiacetals are the groups in which carbon atom is bonded to one
Thus, the product of the given reaction is,
<Figure 6

(g)
Interpretation: The product of the given reaction is to be drawn.
Concept introduction: The hydrolysis of both enamines and imines yield aldehydes or ketones along with primary (imine) or secondary amine (enamine). The mechanisms of both reactions are exactly opposite to their formations, as they are formed from the treatment of aldehyde/ketones with amines.
Answer to Problem 21.46P
The product of the given reaction isdrawn in Figure 7.
Explanation of Solution
The given reaction involves the hydrolysis of an enamine.
The hydrolysis of both enamines and imines yield aldehydes or ketones along with primary (imine) or secondary amine (enamine). The mechanisms of both reactions are exactly opposite to their formations, as they are formed from the treatment of aldehyde/ketones with amines.
Thus, the Product of the given reaction is,
Figure 7

(h)
Interpretation: The product of given reaction is to be drawn.
Concept introduction: The Wittig reaction utilizes carbon nucleophile from the Wittig reagent to yield alkenes. When a carbonyl compound is treated with a Wittig reagent, the
Answer to Problem 21.46P
The product of the given reaction isdrawn in Figure 8.
Explanation of Solution
The given reaction involves the hydrolysis of an enamine.
The Wittig reaction utilizes carbon nucleophile from the Wittig reagent to yield alkenes. When a carbonyl compound is treated with a Wittig reagent, the
Thus, the product of the given reaction is,
Figure 8
(a) The product of the given reaction is drawn in Figure 1.
(b) The product of the given reaction is drawn in Figure 2.
(c) The product of the given reaction is drawn in Figure 3.
(d) The product of the given reaction is drawn in Figure 4.
(e) The product of the given reaction is drawn in Figure 5.
(f) The product of the given reaction is drawn in Figure 6.
(g) The product of the given reaction is drawn in Figure 7.
(h) The product of the given reaction is drawn in Figure 8.
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