Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20.4, Problem 1CR
Summary Introduction
The surface of the rock is the essential habitats, usually offering prominent access to nutrients, protection from physical cochemical disturbance and protection from predation. Additionally, the flow along a colonized surface increase nutrient transport to the surface and provide numerous
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Diseases that involve biofilm-producing bacteria are serious concern. They are not easily treated compared with those involving free-floating bacteria. Explain three reasons why biofilm formers are more pathogenic.
Biofilms represent an important environmental niche.
A) How does growth on a surface differ from growth in a suspended laboratory culture? (In other words: How do biofilm-forming cultures differ from planktonic cultures)
B) Describe the stages of biofilm development including cellular and extracellular components?
C) What processes regulate might regulate biofilm formation? Is quorum sensing involved and if so, how common is it?
D) Why would biofilms promote the formation of genetic variants? What are the mechanisms by which this might occur?
These questions are all related.
just do d and e
Chapter 20 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 1MQCh. 20.1 - Prob. 2MQCh. 20.1 - Prob. 3MQCh. 20.1 - How does a microbial population differ from a...Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 1CRCh. 20.2 - Prob. 1MQCh. 20.2 - What is a biogeochemical cycle? Give an example...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 1CRCh. 20.3 - Prob. 1MQCh. 20.3 - Prob. 2MQ
Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 1CRCh. 20.4 - Prob. 1MQCh. 20.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 20.4 - Prob. 3MQCh. 20.4 - Prob. 1CRCh. 20.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 20.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 20.5 - Prob. 1CRCh. 20.6 - Which phylum of Bacteria dominates bacterial...Ch. 20.6 - What factors govern the extent and type of...Ch. 20.6 - Prob. 3MQCh. 20.6 - In what soil horizon are microbial numbers and...Ch. 20.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 20.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 20.7 - Prob. 3MQCh. 20.7 - Prob. 1CRCh. 20.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 20.8 - Prob. 2MQCh. 20.8 - Prob. 3MQCh. 20.8 - Prob. 1CRCh. 20.9 - What did the Deepwater Horizon spill tell us about...Ch. 20.9 - Prob. 2MQCh. 20.9 - Why is release of sulfide from oxygen minimum...Ch. 20.10 - How does Ostreococcus differ from Prochlorococcus?...Ch. 20.10 - How does the organism Prochlorococcus contribute...Ch. 20.10 - How does Roseobacter differ from Prochlorococcus?Ch. 20.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 20.11 - What is proteorhodopsin and why is it so named?...Ch. 20.11 - Prob. 2MQCh. 20.11 - Prob. 3MQCh. 20.11 - Why are dilute culture media used for isolating...Ch. 20.11 - Prob. 1CRCh. 20.12 - Prob. 1MQCh. 20.12 - What molecular adaptations are found in...Ch. 20.12 - Prob. 1CRCh. 20.13 - Prob. 1MQCh. 20.13 - Prob. 2MQCh. 20.13 - What alternative sources of energy are suggested...Ch. 20.13 - Deep-sea sediments show decreasing nutrient levels...Ch. 20.14 - How does a warm hydrothermal vent differ from a...Ch. 20.14 - Prob. 2MQCh. 20.14 - Prob. 3MQCh. 20.14 - Would you expect to find the same types of...Ch. 20 - Prob. 1AQCh. 20 - Prob. 2AQCh. 20 - Global warming has been suggested to result in...
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- Diseases that involve biofilm-producing bacteria are of serious concern. They are not as easily treated compared with those involving free-floating (or planktonic) bacteria. Explain three reasons why biofilm formers are more pathogenic. Brian goes to the hospital after not feeling well for a week. He has a fever of 38 °C (100.4 °F) and complains of nausea and a constant migraine. Distinguish between the signs and symptoms of disease in Brian’s case.arrow_forwardBiofilms are often formed on artificial surfaces in the human body. During medical procedures, when artificial joints, intravenous catheters, urinary catheters are placed and injections are made, commensals/mutualists may be introduced into new sites in the body and there they may form biofilms. Which statement below is NOT a reason to explain why such bacteria living in biofilms are so difficult to eliminate? O layers of biofilm prevent phagocytes from killing bacteria O layers of biofilm acts a a diffusion barrier against antibiotics O biofilm stimulates bacteria to grow continually in the log/exponential phase of growth O layers of biofilm acts a a diffusion barrier against antibodies/immunoglobulins O bacteria often in stationary phase of growtharrow_forwardBacterial growth depends on many environmental factors, including the temperature of the environment. Since microbes can survive in a certain range of temperatures and will thrive at a temperature, understanding these variables allows for control of their growth. This understanding can be used, for example, to preserve certain foods or to treat infections. This lab simulation will use an instrument called a spectrophotometer. This instrument quantitatively measures the amount of light that is absorbed or transmitted by molecules in solution. Microbial populations grow at different rates based on temperature. One way to measure growth is by turbidity measurements. When bacteria multiply in a broth culture they turn the clear solution cloudy, or turbid. a) in your own words explain the proper steps to Inoculate 5°C sterile broth tube using aseptic techniquearrow_forward
- Which of the following is not true about biofilms a) are caused by many Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria as well as algae and fungi b) are highly contagious c) are hard to treat due to impermeability to drugsarrow_forwardWhy might clinical medicine have an interest in understanding bacterial cell division at the molecular level? Explain why a hyperthermophile would probably not be a human pathogen. Describe four factors that may have an influence on the effectiveness of an antimicrobial treatment. Explain why 70% or 80% alcohol is more effective than 100% alcohol in controlling microorganisms.arrow_forwardBacterial growth depends on many environmental factors, including the temperature of the environment. Since microbes can survive in a certain range of temperatures and will thrive at a temperature, understanding these variables allows for control of their growth. This understanding can be used, for example, to preserve certain foods or to treat infections. This lab simulation will use an instrument called a spectrophotometer. This instrument quantitatively measures the amount of light that is absorbed or transmitted by molecules in solution a) In your own words give an introduction to the microbial growth and the effect tempature has. b) In your own words explain the importance of the spectrophotometer in regards to microbial growth. c) In your own words give a hypothesis on how bacteria will react to different temperatures.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is correct about biofilms? O 1) They are comprised only of psychrophiles. O 2) They are more sensitive to changes in growth conditions than planktonic cells O 3) Quorum sensing allows the biofilm community to behave differently than planktonic organisms 4) Biofilms only form within the environment. 5) Pure cultures are necessary for biofilm formation.arrow_forwardWhy is biofilm development in catheters (tubes that can be inserted into a body cavity, duct or vessel which allow drainage or injection of fluids) such a dangerous source of infection in hospitals?arrow_forwardd) Since we know this bacterial organism thrives in colder areas of the world, what can be said about the effect of temperature on the growth patterns ofthis bacterial organism? How would increasing the temperature affect the growth constant? e) If the bacterial organism is resistant to antibiotics, how would administering antibiotics affect the growth of this organism?arrow_forward
- 4. (a) Which of the following chemical reactions is an overall oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction that involves oxidation number changes in their reactions? A. NaOH + H₂O → Na¹ + H3O+ + OH B. HCl + H₂O → H3O+ + Cl- C. CO₂ + H₂O → H+ + CO3²- D. N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH3arrow_forwarda) Biofilm is: a. a complex established community of microorganisms on solid surfaces b. is a layer of millions of identical bacteria on solid surfaces c. is a layer of compounds released from the tissue as a protection against pathogenic microorganisms d. All of these are correct b) Capsule formation is associated with the virulence of pathogenic bacteria. Why? Select all that apply. a. They are sticky and attach better b. They can escape phagocytosis c. The capsule makes them grow/multiply faster d. They kill immune cellsarrow_forwardIn a biological production process, bacteria with spore-forming ability are immobilized on a support surface. Once a batch of production is done, these cells along with their support material are separated from the medium, and then sterilization is performed in a furnace for safe disposal of material into the environment. An important issue here is to ensure ALL bacteria, including any spores that may form and those that are located at the center of the spherical support material, are killed with heat. For this purpose, the temperature at the center of the spherical support material must reach the designated killing temperature. The support material is a sphere with 3 cm diameter and a heat capacity of 4.0 kJ/kg*K, a density of 800 kg/m³, a thermal conductivity of 0.7 W/m*K. The heat transfer coefficient of the surrounding air is 14 W/m2*K. If the initial temperature inside the furnace prior to the start of sterilization is 15 °C, how long should the procedure last to obtain sterile…arrow_forward
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