Campbell Biology: Custom Edition
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781323717271
Author: Urry, Cain, Wasserman, Minorsky, Reece
Publisher: PEARSON C
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Chapter 20.3, Problem 3CC
Summary Introduction
To propose: An experiment to direct an embryonic stem cell or iPS cell to develop into a muscle cell.
Concept introduction:
Embryonic stem cells or iPS (induced pluripotent) cells are undifferentiated cells and can develop into different cell types. They are stimulated to differentiate into specific cell types by different culture media, or modifying the cells by insertion of particular genes. Genetic engineering is the process of insertion of a target DNA segment consisting of a gene of interest from one organism to another. The inserted DNA segment expresses in the new genetically engineered organism.
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D. probably do not serve any useful purpose to the cell.
E. are directly linked to the microtubule organizing center.
QUESTION 28
Sort the following events to reflect the sequence during smooth muscle contraction upon delivery of muscle stimulation.
Activation of the myosin light-chain kinase
e Interaction of myosin head with actin
- Phosphorylation of myosin
- Calcium release into the cytoplasm
* Activation of calmodulin
QUESTION 29
Fish chromatophore cells contain pigment granules that allow the fish to change its color. What would you predict would
happen to the pigment granules if you added colchicine to isolated chromatophores?
A They would diffuse throughout the cytosol.
B. They would disperse along the lengths of the microtubules.
C. They would aggregate around the centrosome.
D.They would be secreted from the cell.
QUESTION 30
What is the major microtubule-organizing center in animal cells?
A. the spindle pole body
B. the primary cilium
C. the cell cortex
D.the gamma-tubulin…
Give typed explanation
Put the events of a single cross-bridge cycle in the proper order. Start with Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
a) myosin binds to actin
b) ATP binds to myosin, cross-bridge disconnect
c) ATP splits into ADP and Pi
d) Myosin head re-energized, repositions into high energy state
e) Calcium resequestered into sarcoplasmic reticulum
f) Cross-bridge power stroke
g) Calcium binds to troponin , and actin binding sites are exposed
Chapter 20 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Custom Edition
Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 20.1 - DRAW IT One Strand of a DNA molecule has the...Ch. 20.1 - What are some potential difficulties in using...Ch. 20.1 - VISUAL SKILLS Compare Figure 20.7 with Figure...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 20.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 20.3 - Based on current knowledge, how would you explain...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 20.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 20.4 - What is the advantage of using stem cells for gene...
Ch. 20.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 20.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 20 - Describe how the process of gene doning results in...Ch. 20 - What useful Information is obtained by detecting...Ch. 20 - Describe how, using mice. a researcher could carry...Ch. 20 - What factors affecf whether a given genetic...Ch. 20 - In DNA technology, the term vector can refer to...Ch. 20 - Which of the following tools of DNA technology is...Ch. 20 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 20 - A paleontologist has recovered a bit of tissue...Ch. 20 - DNA technology has many medical applications....Ch. 20 - Which of the following is not true of cDNA...Ch. 20 - Expression of a cloned eukaryotic gene in a...Ch. 20 - Which Ii of the following sequences in...Ch. 20 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 20 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Looking at Figure 20.15, what...Ch. 20 - DRAW IT You are cloning an aardvark gene, using a...Ch. 20 - EVOLUTlON CONNECTION Ethical considerations aside,...Ch. 20 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 20 - Prob. 14TYUCh. 20 - The water in the Yellowstone National Park hot...
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- Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/micromacro) to learn more about macro- and microstructures of skeletal muscles. (a) What are the names of the junction points between sarcomeres? (b) What are the names of the subunits within the myofibrils that run the length of skeletal muscle fibers? (c) What is the “double strand of pearlsâ€� described in the video? (d) What gives a skeletal muscle fiber its striated appearance?arrow_forwardEvery skeletal muscle fiber is supplied by a motor neuron at the NMJ. Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/skelmuscfiber) to learn more about what happens at the neuromuscular junction. (a) What is the definition of a motor unit? (b) What is the structural and functional difference between a large motor unit and a small motor unit? Can you give an example of each? (c) Why is the neurotransmitter acetylcholine degraded after binding to its receptor?arrow_forwardMatch the motor protein with its biochemistry (head and tail attachments) and outcome of motor activity (cellular role). +end cytoplasmic kinesins cytoplasmic dynein myosin I axonemal dynein A. head moves on the interphase array of microtubules, tail attached to vesicles, which move toward centrosome/center of cell B. head moves on the interphase array of microtubules, tail attached to vesicles which move toward plasma membrane/away from center of cell C. head moves along cortical actin, tail attached to vesicles which move toward plasma membrane D. head moves along doublet microtubules of cilia/flagella, tail attached to neighboring doublet microtubules of cilia/flagella, the cilia/flagella…arrow_forward
- Within a sarcomere, which of the following is a structural protein is used to attach the Z-disk to the M-line? O Actin O Myosin ñed) O Titin Thin filament Dystrophinarrow_forwardThink about the types of cellular processes that occur within the nucleus of a cell and the types of molecules that need to be transported in and out of the nucleus. How might the blocking of nuclear pores via huntingtin protein aggregates impact the function of a brain neuron?arrow_forwardDiagram and describe the two types of cell protrusions seen on mammalian cells and the actin filament organization within them.arrow_forward
- Some muscle cells contain several nuclei per cell. Which of the following provides the most likely explanation for the way in which these cells came to have more than one nucleus? A B с D They underwent repeated mitosis simultaneously with cytokinesis. They underwent repeated mitosis but not cytokinesis. They underwent multiple S phases before entering mitosis. They underwent repeated cytokinesis but not mitosis.arrow_forwardExplain the structure of dynein and kinesin and how their structures aid in organelle movement within a eukaryotic cell. Explain the structure of a muscle fiber and how the two proteins, actin and myosin, function together to produce movement.arrow_forwardWhich arrangement best describes a bipennate muscle? The muscle fibers feed in on an angle to a long tendon from both sides. The muscle fibers feed in on an angle to a long tendon horn all directions. The muscle fibers feed in on an angle to a long tendon horn one side. The muscle fibers on one side of a tendon feed into it at a certain angle and muscle fibers on the other side of the tendon feed into it at the opposite angle.arrow_forward
- 1.Cytochalasin is a drug that caps actin filament plus ends, thus preventing actin polymerization. Phalloidin is a drug that binds to and stabilizes actin filaments, preventing actin depolymerization. Even though these drugs have opposite effects on actin polymerization, the addition of either of these drugs instantaneously freezes the cell movements that depend on actin filaments. Explain why drugs that have opposite effects on actin filaments can have a similar effect on cell movements.arrow_forwardVISUALIZE Describe the action taking place at each of the numbered steps in the figure.arrow_forwardView this slideshow (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/stemcells) to learn more about stem cells. How do somatic stem cells differ from embryonic stem cells?arrow_forward
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