Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577206
Author: Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
Chapter 20, Problem 7P
Interpretation Introduction
To propose:
The succinate dehydrogenase reaction.
Introduction:
Out of the dehydrogenase reactions in the glycolysis and the TCA cycle, all but one-use NAD+ as the electron acceptor.
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All dehydrogenases of glycolysis and the TCA cycle use NAD* (E° for NAD*/NADH
is -0.32V) as electron acceptor except succinate dehydrogenase (which uses FAD (E° for
FAD/FADH2 is 0.05V).
Based on AG° = -NFEº, show and state (1-2 sentences) why is FAD a more appropriate
electron acceptor than NAD* in the dehydrogenation of succinate (consider the E° values of
%3D
Uptake in Na+
Vmax
Uptake in absence of Na+
Vmax
substrate
K: (mM)
Kt (mM)
L-leucine
420
0.24
23
0.2
D-Leucine
310
4.7
5
4.7
L-valine
225
0.31
19
0.31
fumarate/succinate (E° = 0.031), NAD*/NADH, and the succinate dehydrogenase
FAD/FADH2).
For 30 moles of glucose that is completely oxidized in the glycolysis down to the Krebs cycle, what is the total moles of ATP produced in a cell with an ATP synthase possessing 8 c subunits? Assume that the malate aspartate shuttle is used for NADH transport.
The reaction catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase has a ΔG°′ value of +29.7 kJ⋅mol−1. Given what this says about the occurrence of the reaction catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase in cells explain how the reaction catalyzed by citrate synthase (−31.5 kJ⋅mol−1) influences that activity of malate dehydrogenase. In addition, explain how the activity of citrate synthase functions as a regulatory point for the citric acid cycle
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- Using the ActiveModel for enoyl-CoA dehydratase, give an example of a case in which conserved residues in slightly different positions can change the catalytic rate of reaction.arrow_forwardAll the dehydrogenases of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle use NAD+ (E°' for NAD+/NADH is -0.32 V) as the electron acceptor, except succinate dehydrogenase, which uses covalently bound FAD (E°' for FAD/FADH2 is +0.050 V). Suggest why FAD is a more appropriate electron acceptor than NAD+ in the dehydrogenation of succinate, based on the E°' values of fumarate/succinate (E°' = +0.031 V)arrow_forwardPlease answer both parts, i and iiarrow_forward
- Compare the delta ΔG0' values for the oxidation of succinate by NAD+ and by FAD. Use the data given in Table 18.1 to find the E0' of the NAD+-NADH and fumarate-succinate couples, and assume that E0' for the FAD – FADH2 redox couple is nearly 0.05 V. Why is FAD rather than NAD+ the electron acceptor in the reaction catalyzed by succinate dehydrogenase?arrow_forwardAll the dehydrogenases of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle use NAD+ (?′°E′° for NAD+/NADH is −0.32 V−0.32 V) as electron acceptor except succinate dehydrogenase, which uses covalently‑bound FAD (?′°E′° for FAD/FADH2 in this enzyme is 0.050 V).0.050 V). The ?′°E′° value for fumarate/succinate is 0.031 V.0.031 V. a)Calculate the Δ?′°ΔG′° value for the oxidation of succinate using NAD+. b)Calculate the Δ?′°ΔG′° value for the oxidation of succinate using covalently‑bound FAD.arrow_forwardFocusing on the mechanism linking complex I and ATP synthase depicted in figure 3 in the article, compare that hypothetical mechanism to the classical presentation described in our textbook. What are the major differences between this mechanism and Peter Mitchel’s original chemiosmotic theory? What are the similarities.arrow_forward
- Enzyme 1 is Aconitase and the starting material goes through both the hydration and dehydration mechanism. I just need help with enzyme 2 and intermediate B, thank youarrow_forwardBegining with 1 M concentrations of each reactant and product at pH=7 and 25.0 degrees C, calculate the K'eq of the reaction Pyruvate + NADH Lactate + NADH+H+. Note the temperature of this reaction will not affect the standard reducton potential delta E° in the table 13-7b.arrow_forwardBegining with 1 M concentrations of each reactant and product at pH=7 and 25.0 degrees C, calculate the K'eq (to one decimal point) of the reaction Pyruvate + NADH+H+ <=> Lactate + NAD+.Note the temperature of this reaction will not affect the standard reducton potential delta E'o in the table 13-7b. please provide a comprehensive explanation with each step taken.arrow_forward
- For lactate dehydrogenase reaction if km for NADH is 2×10^-4 M . What concentration of it would be appropriate for determining Km for pyruvate?arrow_forwardWith the help of the half reactions given in Table 1, formulate the redox equation for the oxidation of succinate and reduction of ubiquinone.arrow_forwardConsider one of the reactions of the citric acid cycle shown below Malate + NAD+ ⇆ Oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ (malate dehydrogenase) ΔG˚′ = +29.7 kJ/mol. Describe two factors that allow this thermodynamically unfavorable reaction to occur in the direction of malate to oxaloacetate.arrow_forward
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