Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577206
Author: Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 20, Problem 18P
Interpretation Introduction
To propose:
The unique requirement of FAD in the Succinnate Dehydrogenase.
Introduction:
It is an enzyme complex found in inner membrane of eukaryotes and many bacterial cells.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Considering the complete oxidation of an 18-C fatty acid. Give the answer to the following question.a. What is the total number of NADH produced in TCA if all of the acetyl CoA enters the cycle?
b. What is the total number of FADH2 produced in TCA if all the acetyl CoA enters the cycle?c. How much ATP is produced in the overall oxidation?
The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-deshydrogenase
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.
catalyses the
catalyses
-CH₂ -CHOH—CHO + Pi + NAD*
the oxidation of
CH₂ CHOH-COQ + H* + NADH
When the enzyme is incubated with iodoacetate, it is observed that glyceraldehyde-3-
phosphate still binds to the modified enzyme, but it is not oxidized. What conclusion
can be drawn from this experiment?
Data: iodoacetate ICH₂COO is an alkylating reagent that react with free sulfhydryl
groups (-SH) to form (-S-CH₂COO).
Considering the complete oxidation of an 18-C fatty acid. Give the answer for the following question.a. How many rounds of beta-oxidation is needed?b. How many NADH molecules are produced in beta-oxidation only?c. How many FADH2 molecules are produced in beta-oxidation only?d. How many Acetyl Co-A are produced?
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Ethanol as a Source of Metabolic Energy (Integrates with Chapters 19 and 20.) Acetate produced in ethanol metabolism can be transformed into acetyl-COA by the acetyl thiokinase reaction: Acetate+ATP+CoASHacetyleCoA+AMP+PPiAcetyle-CoA then can enter the citric acid cycle and undergo oxidation to 2 CO2by this route, assuming oxidative phosphorylation is part of the process? (Assume all reactions prior to acetyl-CoA entering the citric acid cycle occur outside the mitochondrion). Per carbon atom, which is a better metabolic fuel, ethanol or glucose? That is, how many ATP equivalents per carbon atom are generated by combustion of glucose versus ethanol to CO2?arrow_forwardUnderstanding the Oxidation of Glucose and Its Products in the TCA Cycle Glycolysis, the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction, and the TCA cycle result in complete oxidation of a molecule of glucose to CO2. Review the calculation of oxidation numbers for individual atoms in any molecule, and then calculate the oxidation numbers of the carbons of glucose, pyruvate, the acetyl carbons of acetyl-CoA. and the metabolites of the TCA cycle to convince yourself that complete oxidation of glucose involves removal of 24 electrons and that each acetyl-CoA through the TCA cycle gives up 8 electrons.arrow_forwardCatalytic mechanism of the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Match the following coenzymes with the type of reaction or catalytic steps they are associated with during the catalysis of Pyruvate transformation into Acetyl-CoA by the Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex: NAD+ V [Choose] formation of a low energy thioester bond decarboxylation TPP oxidation/reduction formation of a high energy thioester bond Coenzyme A [ Choose ] Lipoyl Lysine [ Choose ] FAD [ Choose ]arrow_forward
- Assuming a eukaryotic cell has complete metabolic ability to fully oxidize glucose(including all metabolic pathways ane necessary organelles).At biochemical level explain the consequence of low oxygen content on all aspects of energy production associated with glucose catabolism.arrow_forwardFrom the complete oxidation of glucose (glucose → 6CO2), how many total NADH electron carriers are produced and how many total nucleotide triphosphates are yielded (be sure to deduct payback) as part of substrate level phosphorylation?arrow_forwardExplain how pyruvate dehydrogenase regulated using covalent modification (E1) of pyuvate dehydrogenase complex can be (phosphorylation or dephosphorylation).arrow_forward
- Match the name of the process with its description Electron transport chain oxidation of pyruvate chemiosmotic phosphorylation citric acid cycle 1. The 2-carbon acetyl group separates from coenzyme A and attaches to a four carbon molecule called oxaloacetate, forming the 6-carbon molecule called citrate. In a series of enzyme-catalyzed steps, the citrate loses 8 high-energy electrons to NAD+ and FAD. In addition, ADP is phosphorylated (changed to ATP) as part of step three. Carbons leave as carbon dioxide in steps 2 and 3. This leaves a 4-carbon molecule, which eventually combines with another Acetyl CoA to form citrate and the cycle begins again. 2. Pyruvate moves into the mitochondrion and two electrons are removed from pyruvate and transferred to NAD+. One of the carbon atoms in pyruvate leaves as a molecule of carbon dioxide. The remaining 2-carbon piece becomes attached to Coenzyme A. 3. Protons concentrated in the…arrow_forwardCompare and contrast Pyruvate Dehydrogenase with a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenaseOutline the mechanisms of both enzymes. Discuss the functions of the coenzymes. List the similarities and the differences between the 2 enzymes. Both are very large membrane bound complexes. What are the advantages of this strategy?How detailed is the enzyme structure known below(It's Pyruvate Dehydrogenase )? What insight(s) does this structural detail give you about the enzyme mechanism.arrow_forwardThe Effect of lodoacetic Acid on the Glyceraldehyde-3-P Dehydrogenase Reaction (Integrates with Chapters 4 and 14.) How might iodoacetic acid affect the glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction in glycolysis? Justify your answer.arrow_forward
- The Relative Efficiency of ATP Synthesis in Noncyclic versus Cyclic Photophosphorylation If noncyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 7 H+/2e- and cyclic photosynthetic electron transport leads to the translocation of 2 H+/e-, what is the relative photosynthetic efficiency of ATP synthesis (expressed as the number of photons absorbed per ATP synthesized) for noncyclic versus cyclic photophosphorylation? (Assume that the CF1CF0-ATP synthase yields 3 ATP/14 H+.)arrow_forwardUsing the ActiveModel for enoyl-CoA dehydratase, give an example of a case in which conserved residues in slightly different positions can change the catalytic rate of reaction.arrow_forward. Pyruvate can be processed under anaerobic conditions to ethanol (in yeast) or to lactate (in mammals), as shown. Explain the primary purpose of these reactions. Describe the major biochemical features of each reactionarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biochemistry
Biochemistry
ISBN:9781305577206
Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher:Cengage Learning