To propose: From the given equation, the electron acceptor and electron donor with the standard conditions among the redox couples are determined. Also, to calculate the Δ E 0 ' value and the energy change of the reaction, that is, in the favored direction thermodynamically. Introduction: Redox couple is defined where one element is oxidized and the other is reduced in the form of the substance that undergoes reduction half-reaction and oxidation. The pair of acid-base is conjugated by the redox couples.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

To propose:

From the given equation, the electron acceptor and electron donor with the standard conditions among the redox couples are determined. Also, to calculate the ΔE0' value and the energy change of the reaction, that is, in the favored direction thermodynamically.

Introduction:

Redox couple is defined where one element is oxidized and the other is reduced in the form of the substance that undergoes reduction half-reaction and oxidation. The pair of acid-base is conjugated by the redox couples.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Two half-reactions for the given equation are given as:

FAD+2H++2e−→FADH2(E0'=0.02V)cytochrome c,Fe3++e−→cytochrome c,Fe2+(E0'=0.254V)

According to the potentials of standard reduction, the electrons will flow to the cytochrome c in a higher range. First, it flows to Fe3+ and then it flows to FADH2 . So hence, here, electron acceptor is Fe3+ and the electron donor is FADH2 .

Calculation of E0'

ΔE0'=acceptorΔE0'−donorΔE0'

=acceptorΔE0'(cytC)−donorΔE0'(FAD)

=0.254−(−0.219)=0.473 V

The free change of energy for the reaction is calculated with the transfer of two electrons in the above reaction,

ΔG0'=−nFΔE0'n=2F=96.485 kJ/Vmol

Calculation of ΔG0'

ΔG0'=−2(96.485 kJ/Vmol)(0.473 V)

=−91.3 kJ/mol

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Students have asked these similar questions

Standard redox potentials Eo' for some common compounds in biochemistry: Eo' (Volt) + 0,81 +0,42 + 0,25 12 O₂ + 2 H+ + 2 e NO3 + 2 H+ + 2 e 2 cyt c (ox) + 2 e 2 cyt b (ox) + 2 e Pyruvate + 2 H+ + 2 e* NAD + 2 H+ + 2 e Acétoacétate + 2 H+ + 2 e (2) acétoacétate + NADH + H+ H₂O NO₂ + H₂O 2 cyt c (red) 2 cyt b (red) Lactate (3) 2 cyt c (ox) + 2 cyt b (red) NADH + H+ B-hydroxybutyrate + 0,08 - 0,19 With the help of the above table, determine the spontaneous direction of the following reactions in the standard conditions. Justify your answers by calculating the Gibbs (free) energy of reaction in each case. (1) pyruvate + ß-hydroxybutyrate -0,32 - 0,35 lactate + acétoacétate B-hydroxybutyrate + NAD+ 2 cyt c (red) + 2 cyt b (ox)

6-25 substrate-band enzyme concentrations. The the turnover number is equal to umax- b) V=Umax •57(Km+S) anstont For an enzyme that displays Michaelis-Menten kinetics, what is the reaction velocity, V (as a percentage of Vmax), observed at the following values? a) [S] = KM C) d) e) [S] = 0.5KM [S] = = 0.1KM [S] = 2KM [S] = 10KM w reactores -maximumrate of reaction boteles conc. Would you expect the structure of a competitive inhibitor of a given enzyme to be similar to that of its substrate?

Calculate AG for this reaction under the following conditions: 37°C, pH 7, [Pyruvate] = [CO₂] = 4.0 mM, [OAA] = 2.0 mM, [ATP] = 3.5 mM, [P;] = 5.0 mM, and [ADP] = 1.8 mM. Use 2 signficant figures. AG= i kJ.mol-1 Under these conditions, the reaction is (Tolerance is +/- 2%)

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

To propose:

From the given equation, the electron acceptor and electron donor with the standard conditions among the redox couples are determined. Also, to calculate the ΔE0' value and the energy change of the reaction, that is, in the favored direction thermodynamically.

Introduction:

Redox couple is defined where one element is oxidized and the other is reduced in the form of the substance that undergoes reduction half-reaction and oxidation. The pair of acid-base is conjugated by the redox couples.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Two half-reactions for the given equation are given as:

FAD+2H++2e−→FADH2(E0'=0.02V)cytochrome c,Fe3++e−→cytochrome c,Fe2+(E0'=0.254V)

According to the potentials of standard reduction, the electrons will flow to the cytochrome c in a higher range. First, it flows to Fe3+ and then it flows to FADH2 . So hence, here, electron acceptor is Fe3+ and the electron donor is FADH2 .

Calculation of E0'

ΔE0'=acceptorΔE0'−donorΔE0'

=acceptorΔE0'(cytC)−donorΔE0'(FAD)

=0.254−(−0.219)=0.473 V

The free change of energy for the reaction is calculated with the transfer of two electrons in the above reaction,

ΔG0'=−nFΔE0'n=2F=96.485 kJ/Vmol

Calculation of ΔG0'

ΔG0'=−2(96.485 kJ/Vmol)(0.473 V)

=−91.3 kJ/mol

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

To propose:

From the given equation, the electron acceptor and electron donor with the standard conditions among the redox couples are determined. Also, to calculate the ΔE0' value and the energy change of the reaction, that is, in the favored direction thermodynamically.

Introduction:

Redox couple is defined where one element is oxidized and the other is reduced in the form of the substance that undergoes reduction half-reaction and oxidation. The pair of acid-base is conjugated by the redox couples.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Two half-reactions for the given equation are given as:

FAD+2H++2e−→FADH2(E0'=0.02V)cytochrome c,Fe3++e−→cytochrome c,Fe2+(E0'=0.254V)

According to the potentials of standard reduction, the electrons will flow to the cytochrome c in a higher range. First, it flows to Fe3+ and then it flows to FADH2 . So hence, here, electron acceptor is Fe3+ and the electron donor is FADH2 .

Calculation of E0'

ΔE0'=acceptorΔE0'−donorΔE0'

=acceptorΔE0'(cytC)−donorΔE0'(FAD)

=0.254−(−0.219)=0.473 V

The free change of energy for the reaction is calculated with the transfer of two electrons in the above reaction,

ΔG0'=−nFΔE0'n=2F=96.485 kJ/Vmol

Calculation of ΔG0'

ΔG0'=−2(96.485 kJ/Vmol)(0.473 V)

=−91.3 kJ/mol

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

To propose:

From the given equation, the electron acceptor and electron donor with the standard conditions among the redox couples are determined. Also, to calculate the ΔE0' value and the energy change of the reaction, that is, in the favored direction thermodynamically.

Introduction:

Redox couple is defined where one element is oxidized and the other is reduced in the form of the substance that undergoes reduction half-reaction and oxidation. The pair of acid-base is conjugated by the redox couples.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Two half-reactions for the given equation are given as:

FAD+2H++2e−→FADH2(E0'=0.02V)cytochrome c,Fe3++e−→cytochrome c,Fe2+(E0'=0.254V)

According to the potentials of standard reduction, the electrons will flow to the cytochrome c in a higher range. First, it flows to Fe3+ and then it flows to FADH2 . So hence, here, electron acceptor is Fe3+ and the electron donor is FADH2 .

Calculation of E0'

ΔE0'=acceptorΔE0'−donorΔE0'

=acceptorΔE0'(cytC)−donorΔE0'(FAD)

=0.254−(−0.219)=0.473 V

The free change of energy for the reaction is calculated with the transfer of two electrons in the above reaction,

ΔG0'=−nFΔE0'n=2F=96.485 kJ/Vmol

Calculation of ΔG0'

ΔG0'=−2(96.485 kJ/Vmol)(0.473 V)

=−91.3 kJ/mol

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Answer 5

Chapter 20, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

To propose:

From the given equation, the electron acceptor and electron donor with the standard conditions among the redox couples are determined. Also, to calculate the ΔE0' value and the energy change of the reaction, that is, in the favored direction thermodynamically.

Introduction:

Redox couple is defined where one element is oxidized and the other is reduced in the form of the substance that undergoes reduction half-reaction and oxidation. The pair of acid-base is conjugated by the redox couples.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Two half-reactions for the given equation are given as:

FAD+2H++2e−→FADH2(E0'=0.02V)cytochrome c,Fe3++e−→cytochrome c,Fe2+(E0'=0.254V)

According to the potentials of standard reduction, the electrons will flow to the cytochrome c in a higher range. First, it flows to Fe3+ and then it flows to FADH2 . So hence, here, electron acceptor is Fe3+ and the electron donor is FADH2 .

Calculation of E0'

ΔE0'=acceptorΔE0'−donorΔE0'

=acceptorΔE0'(cytC)−donorΔE0'(FAD)

=0.254−(−0.219)=0.473 V

The free change of energy for the reaction is calculated with the transfer of two electrons in the above reaction,

ΔG0'=−nFΔE0'n=2F=96.485 kJ/Vmol

Calculation of ΔG0'

ΔG0'=−2(96.485 kJ/Vmol)(0.473 V)

=−91.3 kJ/mol

Answer 6

Chapter 20, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

To propose:

From the given equation, the electron acceptor and electron donor with the standard conditions among the redox couples are determined. Also, to calculate the ΔE0' value and the energy change of the reaction, that is, in the favored direction thermodynamically.

Introduction:

Redox couple is defined where one element is oxidized and the other is reduced in the form of the substance that undergoes reduction half-reaction and oxidation. The pair of acid-base is conjugated by the redox couples.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Two half-reactions for the given equation are given as:

FAD+2H++2e−→FADH2(E0'=0.02V)cytochrome c,Fe3++e−→cytochrome c,Fe2+(E0'=0.254V)

According to the potentials of standard reduction, the electrons will flow to the cytochrome c in a higher range. First, it flows to Fe3+ and then it flows to FADH2 . So hence, here, electron acceptor is Fe3+ and the electron donor is FADH2 .

Calculation of E0'

ΔE0'=acceptorΔE0'−donorΔE0'

=acceptorΔE0'(cytC)−donorΔE0'(FAD)

=0.254−(−0.219)=0.473 V

The free change of energy for the reaction is calculated with the transfer of two electrons in the above reaction,

ΔG0'=−nFΔE0'n=2F=96.485 kJ/Vmol

Calculation of ΔG0'

ΔG0'=−2(96.485 kJ/Vmol)(0.473 V)

=−91.3 kJ/mol

Answer 7

Chapter 20, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

To propose:

From the given equation, the electron acceptor and electron donor with the standard conditions among the redox couples are determined. Also, to calculate the ΔE0' value and the energy change of the reaction, that is, in the favored direction thermodynamically.

Introduction:

Redox couple is defined where one element is oxidized and the other is reduced in the form of the substance that undergoes reduction half-reaction and oxidation. The pair of acid-base is conjugated by the redox couples.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Two half-reactions for the given equation are given as:

FAD+2H++2e−→FADH2(E0'=0.02V)cytochrome c,Fe3++e−→cytochrome c,Fe2+(E0'=0.254V)

According to the potentials of standard reduction, the electrons will flow to the cytochrome c in a higher range. First, it flows to Fe3+ and then it flows to FADH2 . So hence, here, electron acceptor is Fe3+ and the electron donor is FADH2 .