Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577206
Author: Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 20, Problem 17P
Interpretation Introduction
To propose:
About the number of protons that are found in the matrix of mitochondria.
Introduction:
Protons are found in the intermembrane of mitochondrial space. In the eukaryotic cells of mitochondria from the matrix protons are transferred to the inter membrane space which is between the inside and outside of mitochondria. This creates the motive space for proton.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
For the mitochondrial membrane described in pic, how many protons must be transported to provide enough free energy for the synthesis of 1 mol of ATP (assuming standard biochemical conditions)?
2
The proton-motive force is a measure of the potential energy generated across the mitochondrial inner membrane during electron transport. Explain the factors that constitute this potential energy, that will be converted to the chemical energy of ATP by the cell.
2. The function of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) in eukaryotic cells is to produce a proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane. How many protons are taken up from the matrix and transferred or used at each ETC complex?
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Help me pleasearrow_forwardYou are isolating mitochondria from insect cells and incubating in a test tube with 0.005 M FADH2, 0.05 M ADP and 0.05 M Pi. Assuming, these 3 can enter mitochondria at no cost,no glucose/products of glucose metabolism remain in the isolated mitochondria, and oxygen is present. Part 1) If all expected reactions go to completion, how much ATP is expected formed? (0 M)(0.02 M) (0.03 M) (0.05 M) (0.1 M) (0.005 M) (0.01 M) (0.015 M) Part 2) The ratio of FADH2/FAD at completion of all expected reactions would be? (2) (>>2) (0) (1) Part 3) After completion of all expected reactions, ratio of H ion concentration inside vs. outside the mitochondrial inner membrane should be? (<1) (~1) (>1)(0) Please provide brief explanationarrow_forwardboth questions pleasearrow_forward
- The three molecules in Figure Q2–2 contain theseven most common reactive groups in biology. Most mol-ecules in the cell are built from these functional groups.Indicate and name the functional groups in these mole-cules.arrow_forwardAssuming that the pH of the IMS is 1.4 units lower than the pH of the matrix, the free energy yield associated with the transport of a proton from the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) to the mitochondrial matrix is △ G of the reaction is 8.310 KJmol-1 What is the minimum number of protons that must enter the mitochondrial membrane from the IMS in order to synthesize one molecule of ATP?arrow_forwardCan someone help with this question?arrow_forward
- For each Pi released, the typical free energy of hydrolysis of inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is about 20 kJ/mol. In Worked Example 13–2, we determined that synthesizing ATP from ADP and Pi requires roughly 50 kJ/mol of energy in a cell. Is it possible for a cell to manufacture ATP from ADP using polyphosphate? Give an explanation for your response.arrow_forwardQuestion:- A mouse fed phytanic acid uniformly labeled with 14C produces detectable levels of radioactive malate, a citric acid cycle intermediate, within minutes. Considering the metabolic pathway for phytanic acid conversion to malate, which structures depict the locations of the 14C label in malate?arrow_forwardP3D.2 In biological cells, the energy released by the oxidation of foods is stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP or ATP“).The essence of ATP's action is its ability to lose its terminal phosphate group by hydrolysis and to form adenosine diphosphate (ADP or ADP): ATP* (aq) + H,O() → ADP* (aq) + HPO (aq) + H,O*(aq) At pH = 7.0 and 37°C (310K, blood temperature) the enthalpy and Gibbs energy of hydrolysis are A,H =-20kJ mol and A,G=-31 kJ mol", respectively. Under these conditions, the hydrolysis of 1 mol ATP“(aq) results in the extraction of up to 31kJ of energy that can be used to do non- expansion work, such as the synthesis of proteins from amino acids, muscular contraction, and the activation of neuronal circuits in our brains. (a) Calculate and account for the sign of the entropy of hydrolysis of ATP at pH = 7.0 and 310K. (b) Suppose that the radius of a typical biological cell is 10µm and that inside it 1x 10ʻ ATP molecules are hydrolysed each second. What is the power density of…arrow_forward
- In the cytosol of rat hepatocytes, the temperature is 37 °C and the mass-action ratio, Q, is Calculate the free energy required to synthesize ATP in a rat hepatocyte.arrow_forwardThe catalytic mechanism of an enzyme found in the mitochondrial matrix (pH = 7.8) depends on an active site Lys residue (pKa = 9.5) that acts as a general acid. Mutation of a neighboring residue alters the microenvironment of the Lys side chain so that its pKa shifts from 9.5 to 7.2. Would the mutation cause the reaction rate to increase or decrease? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardNonearrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Biochemistry
Biochemistry
ISBN:9781305577206
Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax