PRESCOTT'S MICROBIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 2818440045677
Author: WILLEY
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 20, Problem 3AL
Summary Introduction
Archaea and bacteria are referred to as prokaryotic unicellular organisms. Initially, archaea were classified as bacteria, thereby receiving the name archaebacteria. Archaea possess diverse physiological characteristics. They can be aerobic, facultative anaerobic, or obligate anaerobic. Nutritionally, they vary from chemolithoautotrophs to organotrophs. They are able to grow above 100ºC hence, categorized as hyperthermophiles and also possess mesophilic and psychrophilic characteristics.
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Chapter 20 Solutions
PRESCOTT'S MICROBIOLOGY
Ch. 20.1 - MICRO INQUIRY Given that the DC/HB pathway uses...Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 2MICh. 20.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 20.1 - Why do methanogens use the reductive acetyl-CoA...Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 20.1 - Compare the ATP and NADH yield of each of the...Ch. 20.2 - MICRO INQUIRY Identify the potential electron...Ch. 20.2 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What are thermoacidophiles...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 20.2 - Compare the carbon and sulfur metabolism of...
Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 20.2 - Prob. 5CCCh. 20.3 - MICRO INQUIRY What are the mechanisms by which...Ch. 20.3 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Why are the growth yields...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 20.3 - What is the ecological and practical importance of...Ch. 20.3 - Where are extreme halophiles found, and what is...Ch. 20.3 - What is the difference between sensory rhodopsin...Ch. 20.3 - How is Thermoplasma able to live in acidic, very...Ch. 20.3 - In what way are members of the genus Archaeoglobus...Ch. 20 - Prob. 1RCCh. 20 - Prob. 2RCCh. 20 - Prob. 3RCCh. 20 - Prob. 4RCCh. 20 - Prob. 5RCCh. 20 - Prob. 6RCCh. 20 - Prob. 7RCCh. 20 - Some believe that archaea should not be separate...Ch. 20 - Prob. 2ALCh. 20 - Prob. 3ALCh. 20 - Prob. 4ALCh. 20 - Prob. 5ALCh. 20 - Prob. 6ALCh. 20 - Prob. 7AL
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- Some prokaryotes, especially archaea, are capable of living in extreme environments, such as deep-sea vents, where temperatures can reach 80°C (176°F). Few organisms can survive at this temperature. What adaptations might archaea possess that allow them to survive in such extreme heat?arrow_forwardThe genus Ferroplasma consists of a few species of acid-loving archaea. One species, F. acidarmanus, was discovered to be the main component of slime streamers (a type of biofilm) deep inside an abandoned California copper mine (Figure 4.11A). F. acidarmanus cells use an ancient energy-harvesting pathway that combines oxygen with ironsulfur compounds in minerals such as pyrite. This reaction dissolves the minerals, so groundwater that seeps into the mine ends up with extremely high concentrations of metal ions such as copper, zinc, cadmium, and arsenic. The reaction also produces sulfuric acid, which lowers the pH of the water around the cells to zero. Despite living in an environment with a composition similar to hot battery acid, F. acidarmanus cells maintain their internal pH at a cozy 5.0. Thus, researchers investigating Ferroplasma metabolic enzymes were surprised to discover that most of the cells enzymes function best at very low pH (Figure 4.11B). A. Deep inside one of the most toxic sites in the United States: Iron Mountain Mine, in California. The water in this stream, which is about 1 meter (3 feet) wide in this photo, is hot (around 40C, or 104F), heavily laden with arsenic and other toxic metals, and has a pH of zero. Slime streamers growing in it are a biofilm dominated by a species of archaea, Ferroplasma acidarmanus. B. pH profiles of four enzymes isolated from F. acidarmus. Researchers had expected these enzymes to function best at the cells cytoplasmic pH (5.0). What does the dashed line signify?arrow_forwardA prokaryote converts food energy into the chemical energy of ATP on/in its: chromosome. flagella. ribosomes. cell wall. plasma membrane.arrow_forward
- Prokaryotes that obtain their energy from chemical compounds are called _____. a. photorophs b. auxotrophs c. chemorophs d. lithotrophsarrow_forwardFigure 13.6 Which of the following statements is true? a. Gram-positive bacteria have a single cell wall formed from peptidoglycan. b. Gram-positive bacteria have an outer membrane. c. The cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria is thick, and the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria is thin. d. Gram-negative bacteria have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, while Gram-positive bacteria have a cell wall made of phospholipids.arrow_forwardHow does the protein synthesis of archaea differ from the protein synthesis of the bacteria? Explain using a concept map.arrow_forward
- Prokaryotes depend on what to obtain some materials and to get rid of waste.arrow_forwardList three (3) advantages microbes have when living in a biofilm, as compared to planktonic growth. Then explain how each biofilm advantage impacts human health.arrow_forwardGive typing answer with explanation and conclusion Why does temperature and pH impact bacterial growth? (be specific)arrow_forward
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