PRESCOTT'S MICROBIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 2818440045677
Author: WILLEY
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 20.1, Problem 4CC
Compare the ATP and NADH yield of each of the archaeal glycolytic pathways with that used by bacteria.
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Chemolithotrophs meet their energy needs by oxidizing organic food molecules.
True
False
Which of the following events does not occur during the energy-investment phase of glycolysis?
Hexokinase catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to glucose to form glucose-6-phosphate.
Phosphofructokinase catalyzes the isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate.
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase cleaves Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into two different three-carbon sugars.
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate can be converted to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate with the help of the enzyme triose phosphate isomerase.
Define the term substrate-level phosphorylation:How does it differ from oxidative phosphorylation?What compound(s) do fermentative bacteria need tosynthesize in order to make ATP by substrate-levelphosphorylation?
Chapter 20 Solutions
PRESCOTT'S MICROBIOLOGY
Ch. 20.1 - MICRO INQUIRY Given that the DC/HB pathway uses...Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 2MICh. 20.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 20.1 - Why do methanogens use the reductive acetyl-CoA...Ch. 20.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 20.1 - Compare the ATP and NADH yield of each of the...Ch. 20.2 - MICRO INQUIRY Identify the potential electron...Ch. 20.2 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What are thermoacidophiles...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 20.2 - Compare the carbon and sulfur metabolism of...
Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 20.2 - Prob. 5CCCh. 20.3 - MICRO INQUIRY What are the mechanisms by which...Ch. 20.3 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Why are the growth yields...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 20.3 - What is the ecological and practical importance of...Ch. 20.3 - Where are extreme halophiles found, and what is...Ch. 20.3 - What is the difference between sensory rhodopsin...Ch. 20.3 - How is Thermoplasma able to live in acidic, very...Ch. 20.3 - In what way are members of the genus Archaeoglobus...Ch. 20 - Prob. 1RCCh. 20 - Prob. 2RCCh. 20 - Prob. 3RCCh. 20 - Prob. 4RCCh. 20 - Prob. 5RCCh. 20 - Prob. 6RCCh. 20 - Prob. 7RCCh. 20 - Some believe that archaea should not be separate...Ch. 20 - Prob. 2ALCh. 20 - Prob. 3ALCh. 20 - Prob. 4ALCh. 20 - Prob. 5ALCh. 20 - Prob. 6ALCh. 20 - Prob. 7AL
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- Bacteroides is the predominant genus of bacteria found in the human gut microbiota. As anaerobic bacteria, Bacteroides undergo fermentation in the gut, converting otherwise nondigestible carbohydrates into fermentation products that are used by the host for energy. Which of the following toxins would be most likely to disrupt carbohydrate metabolism in Bacteroides species? * a toxin that inhibits the function of ATP synthase a toxin that prevents the formation of Krebs cycle products a toxin that inhibits the function of an enzyme during glycolysis a toxin that breaks down the membrane proteins of the electron transport chainarrow_forwardUse drawings, flow charts, or a table to compare and contrast the energy inputs and outputs during each phase of aerobic respiration vs. fermentation. Be sure to directly discuss inputs and outputs of BOTH processes. Include all phosphorylated compounds and high-energy electron carriers, and briefly EXPLAIN HOW these are produced at each stage of respiration. WHERE does each stage happen? Explain HOW energy from high energy electron carriers is converted to ATP during respiration in mitochondria or aerobic bacteria.arrow_forwardInorganic Nitrate (N03-) contaminated the soil around their plant. Scientists developed mechanisms for removing Nitrite (N02-) from the soil, but have not found one for Nitrate (N03-). Is there any types of bacteria that could metabolize Nitrate (N03-) to give rise to Nitrite (N02-)? Indicate ALL metabolic pathways that could be used (aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, aerobic chemolithotrophy, and anaerobic chemolithotrophy) to carry out this reaction? Which of these reactions can oxidize or reduce inorganic materialsarrow_forward
- The anaerobic, chemoautotrophic archaeobacterium Methanococcus jannaschii uses which of the following carbon-fixation pathways to obtain organic carbon from CO2? the Hill reaction the reductive acetyl-CoA pathway the Calvin cycle oxygenic photosynthesis the Krebs cyclearrow_forwardYeast are facultative anaerobic organisms that can make ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, but are also capable of switching to fermentation under anaerobic conditions. For thousands of years, humans have used yeast, such as Saccharomyces cervesisiae, to ferment grapes (starch sugar) to make wine (alcoholic beverage). Four batches of wine were made following the contents and conditions listed in the table below, Contents and Conditions of Four Batches of Wine Yeast Solution Water Grape Solution Batch Added Container (L) (L) (L) Lid 1 40 0.0 8 оpen 2 40 0.2 8 closed 40 0.2 8. оpen 4 40 0.2 closed 9. The yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) would produce the greatest amount of ATP is the batch of wine numbered 1 4 D. The highest alcohol (ethanol) content would be found in the batch of wine numbered 02 3arrow_forwardWhile the conversion of glucose (Glc) to pyrucate (Pyr) is shared across all domains of life, the route to get there can differ dramatically. In some Archaea, for example, some of the key steps in glycolysis differ. One example of this is the conversion of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP) to 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG). Instead of the two-step process catalyzed by GAPDH and PGK: GAPDH GAP + Pi + NAD+ -----> BGP + NADH PGK BGP + ADP <-----> 3PG + ATP The archaeal pathway utilizes the enzyme non-phosporylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPN) to catalyze the metabolically irreversible step shown below: GAPN GAP + NADP+ ---> BGP + NADPH In terms of the ΔGrxn, why is the GAPDH+PGK process reversible but the GAPN process is not?arrow_forward
- While the conversion of glucose (Glc) to pyrucate (Pyr) is shared across all domains of life, the route to get there can differ dramatically. In some Archaea, for example, some of the key steps in glycolysis differ. One example of this is the conversion of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP) to 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG). Instead of the two-step process catalyzed by GAPDH and PGK: GAPDH GAP + Pi + NAD+ -----> BGP + NADH PGK BGP + ADP <-----> 3PG + ATP The archaeal pathway utilizes the enzyme non-phosporylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPN) to catalyze the metabolically irreversible step shown below: GAPN GAP + NADP+ ---> BGP + NADPH In bacteria and eukaryotes, GAPDH/PGK are not regulated via allosteric activation or inhibition. Do you imagine this is the same for GAPN? Why or why not?arrow_forwardIf you examine OX/PHOS in the organism that has the c16 ATP Synthase complex from Q3, how many ATPs will be generated from one Succinate?# of ATPs:arrow_forwardCompare and contrast acetogens with methanogensin terms of (1) substrates and products of their energymetabolism, (2) ability to use organic compoundsas electron donors in energy metabolism, and(3) phylogeny.arrow_forward
- Complete the table ATP Yield from Anaerobic Respiration (for 1 Glucose Molecule)arrow_forwardWhich of the following pathways is used to fix inorganic carbon into organic form (like methane), by the anaerobic, chemoautotrophic archaeobacterium Methanococcus jannaschii? the reductive acetyl-CoA pathway the Hill reaction the Krebs cycle the Calvin cycle oxygenic photosynthesisarrow_forwardDiscuss the features of bacterial mechanisms of energy production by fermentation of substrates. Provide examples of the practical uses of two different fermentation pathwaysarrow_forward
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