Chapter 20, Problem 20.89P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given statements are true or false have to be explained.

Concept Information:

Any natural process or a chemical reaction taking place in a laboratory can be classified into two categories, spontaneous or nonspontaneous. Spontaneous process occurs by itself, without the influence of external energy. In spontaneous process the free energy of the system decreases and entropy of the system increases.  Nonspontaneous process requires an external influence for initiation.  In nonspontaneous process the free energy of the system increases but entropy of the system decreases.

Entropy $\Delta S$ is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system.  The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process.  For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy.  Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’.  It is a state function.  The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process.  Factors like temperature, molar mass, molecular complexity and phase transition occurring in a reaction influences the entropy in a system.

Entropy$\left(S\right)$ : it is used to describe the disorder. It is the amount of arrangements possible in a system at a particular state. ${\text{ΔS}}_{\text{univ}}={\text{ΔS}}_{\text{sys}}+{\text{ΔS}}_{\text{surr}}$.