Chapter 20, Problem 20.86P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The correct information has to be filled in given each question mark.

Concept introduction:

Any natural process or a chemical reaction taking place in a laboratory can be classified into two categories, spontaneous or nonspontaneous. Spontaneous process occurs by itself, without the influence of external energy. In spontaneous process the free energy of the system decreases and entropy of the system increases.  Nonspontaneous process requires an external influence for initiation.  In nonspontaneous process the free energy of the system increases but entropy of the system decreases.

Enthalpy$\left(H\right)$: it is the total amount of heat in a particular system.

Entropy$\left(S\right)$ : it is used to describe the disorder. It is the amount of arrangements possible in a system at a particular state. ${\text{ΔS}}_{\text{univ}}={\text{ΔS}}_{\text{sys}}+{\text{ΔS}}_{\text{surr}}$

Free energy change$\left(\Delta G^o\right)$: change in the free energy takes place while reactants convert to product where both are in standard state.

Entropy$\left(S\right)$ : it is used to describe the disorder. It is the amount of arrangements possible in a system at a particular state.