Chapter 20, Problem 20.30P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Balanced equation for the reaction between $X$ and $Y$ has to be written.

Concept introduction:

Balanced equation: A balanced chemical equation is an equation which contains same elements in same number on both the sides (reactant and product side) of the chemical equation thereby obeying the law of conservation of mass.

The equation for a reaction, which has same number of atoms and charge of the ions in both reactants and product sides, is known as balanced equation.

Reactant: In a chemical reaction the species that present left is denoted as reactant which undergoes chemical change and result to given new species called product.

Product: In a chemical reaction the species that present in right side is denoted as product that results from the reactant.

Chemical equation is the representation of a chemical reaction, in which the reactants and products of the reactions are represented left and right side of an arrow respectively by using their respective chemical formulas.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The sign of ${\text{ΔS}}_{\text{rxn}}$ for the given reaction has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy$\text{S}$: It is used to describe the disorder. It is the amount of arrangements possible in a system at a particular state. ${\text{ΔS}}_{\text{univ}}={\text{ΔS}}_{\text{sys}}+{\text{ΔS}}_{\text{surr}}$.

Entropy$\left(S\right)$: It is used to describe the disorder. It is the amount of arrangements possible in a system at a particular state.

If the disorder increases in a system, then $\Delta S>0$

If the disorder decreases in a system, then $\Delta S<0$

If the disorder equal in a system, then $\Delta S=0$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The highest molar entropy $\Delta S^o$ for the given reaction species should be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Entropy $\Delta S$ is a thermodynamic quantity, which is the measure of randomness in a system.  The term entropy is useful in explaining the spontaneity of a process.  For all spontaneous process in an isolated system there will be an increase in entropy.  Entropy is represented by the letter ‘S’.  It is a state function.  The change in entropy gives information about the magnitude and direction of a process.  Factors like temperature, molar mass, molecular complexity and phase transition occurring in a reaction influences the entropy in a system.