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Chapter 20 Solutions
Physical Chemistry
- The direct reaction of iron(III) oxide. Fe2O3, to give iron and oxygen gas is a nonspontaneous reaction; normally, iron combines with oxygen to give rust (the oxide). Yet we do change iron(III) oxide, as iron ore, into iron metal. How is this possible? Explain.arrow_forwardCobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate, CoCl26H2O, is a bright pink compound, but in the presence of very dry air it loses water vapor to the air to produce the light blue anhydrous salt CoCl2. Calculate the standard free-energy change for the reaction at 25C: CoCl26H2O(s)CoCl2(s)+6H2O(g) Here are some thermodynamic data at 25C: What is the partial pressure of water vapor in equilibrium with the anhydrous salt and the hexahydrate at 25C? (Give the value in mmHg.) What is the relative humidity of air that has this partial pressure of water? The relative humidity of a sample of air is Relativehumidity=partialpressureofH2O(g)inairvaporpressureofwater100 What do you expect to happen to the equilibrium partial pressure over the hexahydrate as the temperature is raised? Explain.arrow_forwardConsider these three reactions as the elementary steps in the mechanism for a chemical reaction.(i) Cl2 (g) + Pt (s) à 2Cl (g) + Pt (s) Ea = 1550 kJ ∆H = – 950 kJ(ii) Cl (g)+ CO (g) + Pt (s) à ClCO (g) + Pt (s) Ea = 2240 kJ ∆H = 575 kJ(iii) Cl (g) + ClCO (g) à Cl2CO (g) Ea = 2350 kJ ∆H = – 825 kJ e. Which reaction intermediate would be considered a catalyst (if any) and why?f. If you were to add 2700kJ of activation energy to the reaction, would you be able to make thereaction reverse itself (i.e. have the products become reactants)? Justify your answer.g. If you were to added a positive catalyst to step (iii) what would the end result be? Justify yourprediction. h. Your friend is looking at your graph and states that she believes that step (ii) is the ratedetermining step. Do you agree with her? Justify your reasoning.arrow_forward
- For the reaction BrO3– + 5Br–+ 6H+ → 3Br2 + 3H2O at a particular time, –Δ[BrO3–]/Δt = 1.5 × 10–2 M/s. What is –Δ[Br–]/Δt at the same instant?arrow_forwardConsider the following general equation for a chemical reaction. A(g) + B(g) → C(g) + D(g) ∆H° reaction = -10 kJ (a) Describe the two factors that determine whether a collision between molecules of A and B results in a reaction. (b) How would a decrease in temperature affect the rate of the reaction shown above? Explain your answer. (c) Explain why a catalyst increases the rate of a reaction but does not change the value of the equilibrium constant for that reaction. NOTE: Please briefly explain and answer a,b and c. Thank you.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are TRUE?(1) Reactions with more negative values of △G0 are spontaneous and proceed at a higher rate than those with less negative values of △G0.(2) The activation energy, Ea, is usually about the same as △H for a reaction.(3) The activation energy for a reaction does not change significantly as temperature changes.(4) Reactions usually occur at faster rates at higher temperatures. (A) 1, 2, 3, 4 (B) 3, 4 (C) 1, 2, 4 (D) 2, 3, 4 (E) 1, 2, 3arrow_forward
- consider the following exothermic reaction at 0.00 °C and 1.00 atm Se04 (g) Se(g) + O2 (g) , Kc = 2.4x10^-6 The reaction contains [SeO4] = 0.100 M, [Se] = 0.0034 M, [O2] = 0.0022 M 1) In what direction will the reaction proceed if an extra 0.0200 M of SeO4 is added to the reaction vessel? 2) What will happen to the rate of the reaction if the concentration of SeO4 is increased by 10 times?arrow_forwardFor the following reaction, - Δ[C6H14]/Δt was found to be 6.2 x 10-3 M/s. C6H14(g) --> C6H6(g) + 4H2(g) Determine Δ[H2]/Δt for this reaction at the same time. Select one: a. 1.6 x10-3 M/s b. -1.6 x 10-3 M/s c. 6.2 x 10-3 M/s d. 2.5 x 10-2M/sarrow_forwardFor the reaction given below, the arrhenius actication energy is 15.5 kj.mol-1. Find Δ≠ H0arrow_forward
- For the reaction N₂(g) + 3 H₂(g) 2 NH,(9) at 25.0°C, the Kof the reaction is 5.4x 10³. Use the given concentrations to determine the following. [N₂] = 0.0028 M [H₂) = 0.0041 M INH - 0.22 M. (a) Determine Q at this time. (Omit units) (b) Determine which direction the reaction will proceed in order to reach equilibrium. Ⓒleft Oright Supporting Materialsarrow_forward8.For a reaction in which the products are lower in energy than the reactants, which of the following is true? (Assume similar frequency factors.) (a) kfvd > krev (b) krwd < krev (c) kfwd = krev (d) cannot determinearrow_forwardEnter your answer in the provided box. The rate constant for the following elementary reaction is 6.1 x 10° M's at 25°C: -1 2A(g) +B(g) → 2C(g) AG° (kJ/mol) A 84.752 BO C 54.064 What is the rate constant for the reverse reaction at the same temperature?arrow_forward
- General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
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