Chapter 20, Problem 20.16P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The product formed by the treatment of compound $B$ with given reagent is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Sodiumborohydride is a metal reducing agent. It reduces ketones and aldehyde into secondary alcohols and primary alcohols respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The product formed by the treatment of compound $B$ with given reagent is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Lithium aluminum hydride is a strong reducing agent. Treatment of carbonyl compounds with lithium aluminum hydride followed by water yields alcohols. It reduces aldehyde into primary alcohol.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The product formed by the treatment of compound $B$ with given reagent is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The full form of PCC is pyridinium chlorochromate. It acts as mild oxidizing agent. It oxidizes primary alcohols into aldehyde and secondary alcohol into ketones.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The product formed by the treatment of compound $B$ with given reagent is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The silver oxide $\left(\text{I}\right)$ in aqueous ammonium hydroxide $\left({\text{Ag}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O, NH}}_{\text{4}}\text{OH}\right)$ is a Tollens reagent. Oxidation of aldehyde by the Tollens reagent yields silver mirror and carboxylic acid.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The product formed by the treatment of compound $B$ with given reagent is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Chromic acid is a strong oxidizing agent. The oxidation of primary alcohol by chromic acid yields an aldehyde. The aldehyde is further oxidized by the chromic acid to form carboxylic acid.