(a) Interpretation: The detailed mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl benzoate to benzoic acid and methanol using microscopic reversibility is to be stated. Concept introduction: The microscopic reversibility states that the mechanism followed by a reaction in forward direction under some condition will have the same backward mechanism under similar conditions. The similar conditions are in terms of thermodynamic parameters not in photochemical terms. Also in microscopic reversibility, if the mechanism of forward direction is known then the mechanism for backward direction is just opposites to the forward and vice versa.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 20.11P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl benzoate to benzoic acid and methanol using microscopic reversibility is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The microscopic reversibility states that the mechanism followed by a reaction in forward direction under some condition will have the same backward mechanism under similar conditions. The similar conditions are in terms of thermodynamic parameters not in photochemical terms. Also in microscopic reversibility, if the mechanism of forward direction is known then the mechanism for backward direction is just opposites to the forward and vice versa.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reaction condition that is used to bring acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl benzoate to benzoic acid and methanol when the formation is reversible is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The microscopic reversibility states that the mechanism followed by a reaction in forward direction under some condition will have the same backward mechanism under similar conditions. The similar conditions are in terms of thermodynamic parameters not in photochemical terms.

Hydrolysis is the reaction of a compound with water leading to the breakdown of the compound into two parts. Hydrolysis of esters can take place in both acidic and alkaline medium. The product of hydrolysis of the ester is alcohol and carboxylic acid.

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23.14

(b) Suggest a reasonable biosynthesis for the naturally occurring alkaloid coniine (isolated from hemlock), starting from octanoic acid. Coniine

(a) Explain the mechanism of a nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl group of an aldehyde or a ketone.(b) An organic compound (A) (molecular formula CgH16Q2) was hydrolysed with dilute sulphuric acid to give a carboxylic acid (B) and an alcohol (C). Oxidation of (C) with chromic acid also produced (B). On dehydration (C) gives but-1-ene. Write the equations for the reactions involved.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 20.11P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl benzoate to benzoic acid and methanol using microscopic reversibility is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The microscopic reversibility states that the mechanism followed by a reaction in forward direction under some condition will have the same backward mechanism under similar conditions. The similar conditions are in terms of thermodynamic parameters not in photochemical terms. Also in microscopic reversibility, if the mechanism of forward direction is known then the mechanism for backward direction is just opposites to the forward and vice versa.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reaction condition that is used to bring acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl benzoate to benzoic acid and methanol when the formation is reversible is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The microscopic reversibility states that the mechanism followed by a reaction in forward direction under some condition will have the same backward mechanism under similar conditions. The similar conditions are in terms of thermodynamic parameters not in photochemical terms.

Hydrolysis is the reaction of a compound with water leading to the breakdown of the compound into two parts. Hydrolysis of esters can take place in both acidic and alkaline medium. The product of hydrolysis of the ester is alcohol and carboxylic acid.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 20.11P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl benzoate to benzoic acid and methanol using microscopic reversibility is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The microscopic reversibility states that the mechanism followed by a reaction in forward direction under some condition will have the same backward mechanism under similar conditions. The similar conditions are in terms of thermodynamic parameters not in photochemical terms. Also in microscopic reversibility, if the mechanism of forward direction is known then the mechanism for backward direction is just opposites to the forward and vice versa.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reaction condition that is used to bring acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl benzoate to benzoic acid and methanol when the formation is reversible is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The microscopic reversibility states that the mechanism followed by a reaction in forward direction under some condition will have the same backward mechanism under similar conditions. The similar conditions are in terms of thermodynamic parameters not in photochemical terms.

Hydrolysis is the reaction of a compound with water leading to the breakdown of the compound into two parts. Hydrolysis of esters can take place in both acidic and alkaline medium. The product of hydrolysis of the ester is alcohol and carboxylic acid.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 20.11P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl benzoate to benzoic acid and methanol using microscopic reversibility is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The microscopic reversibility states that the mechanism followed by a reaction in forward direction under some condition will have the same backward mechanism under similar conditions. The similar conditions are in terms of thermodynamic parameters not in photochemical terms. Also in microscopic reversibility, if the mechanism of forward direction is known then the mechanism for backward direction is just opposites to the forward and vice versa.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reaction condition that is used to bring acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl benzoate to benzoic acid and methanol when the formation is reversible is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The microscopic reversibility states that the mechanism followed by a reaction in forward direction under some condition will have the same backward mechanism under similar conditions. The similar conditions are in terms of thermodynamic parameters not in photochemical terms.

Hydrolysis is the reaction of a compound with water leading to the breakdown of the compound into two parts. Hydrolysis of esters can take place in both acidic and alkaline medium. The product of hydrolysis of the ester is alcohol and carboxylic acid.

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Answer 5

Chapter 20, Problem 20.11P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl benzoate to benzoic acid and methanol using microscopic reversibility is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The microscopic reversibility states that the mechanism followed by a reaction in forward direction under some condition will have the same backward mechanism under similar conditions. The similar conditions are in terms of thermodynamic parameters not in photochemical terms. Also in microscopic reversibility, if the mechanism of forward direction is known then the mechanism for backward direction is just opposites to the forward and vice versa.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reaction condition that is used to bring acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl benzoate to benzoic acid and methanol when the formation is reversible is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The microscopic reversibility states that the mechanism followed by a reaction in forward direction under some condition will have the same backward mechanism under similar conditions. The similar conditions are in terms of thermodynamic parameters not in photochemical terms.

Hydrolysis is the reaction of a compound with water leading to the breakdown of the compound into two parts. Hydrolysis of esters can take place in both acidic and alkaline medium. The product of hydrolysis of the ester is alcohol and carboxylic acid.

Answer 6

Chapter 20, Problem 20.11P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl benzoate to benzoic acid and methanol using microscopic reversibility is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The microscopic reversibility states that the mechanism followed by a reaction in forward direction under some condition will have the same backward mechanism under similar conditions. The similar conditions are in terms of thermodynamic parameters not in photochemical terms. Also in microscopic reversibility, if the mechanism of forward direction is known then the mechanism for backward direction is just opposites to the forward and vice versa.

Answer 7

Chapter 20, Problem 20.11P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl benzoate to benzoic acid and methanol using microscopic reversibility is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The microscopic reversibility states that the mechanism followed by a reaction in forward direction under some condition will have the same backward mechanism under similar conditions. The similar conditions are in terms of thermodynamic parameters not in photochemical terms. Also in microscopic reversibility, if the mechanism of forward direction is known then the mechanism for backward direction is just opposites to the forward and vice versa.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reaction condition that is used to bring acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl benzoate to benzoic acid and methanol when the formation is reversible is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The microscopic reversibility states that the mechanism followed by a reaction in forward direction under some condition will have the same backward mechanism under similar conditions. The similar conditions are in terms of thermodynamic parameters not in photochemical terms.

Hydrolysis is the reaction of a compound with water leading to the breakdown of the compound into two parts. Hydrolysis of esters can take place in both acidic and alkaline medium. The product of hydrolysis of the ester is alcohol and carboxylic acid.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reaction condition that is used to bring acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl benzoate to benzoic acid and methanol when the formation is reversible is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The microscopic reversibility states that the mechanism followed by a reaction in forward direction under some condition will have the same backward mechanism under similar conditions. The similar conditions are in terms of thermodynamic parameters not in photochemical terms.

Hydrolysis is the reaction of a compound with water leading to the breakdown of the compound into two parts. Hydrolysis of esters can take place in both acidic and alkaline medium. The product of hydrolysis of the ester is alcohol and carboxylic acid.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.1P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.2P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.3P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.4P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.5P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.6P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.7P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.8P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.9P Ch. 20 - Prob. 20.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the detailed mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of methyl benzoate and methanol using microscopic reversibility.

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