Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321948908
Author: Mark F. Sanders, John L. Bowman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 20, Problem 14P
Given that maternal Bicoid activates the expression of hunchback (see Figure
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In Drosophila subobscura, the presence of a recessive gene called grandchildless (gs) causes the offspring of homozygous females, but not those of homozygous males, to be sterile. Can you offer an explanation as to why females and not males are affected by the mutant gene?
In Drosophila sex determination
(Check all that apply.)
A) XY individuals transcribe the Sxl gene early but not late.
B
XX individuals carry the Sxl gene, XY individuals do not.
XX individuals transcribe the Sxl gene, XY individuals do not.
XX individuals express the Sxl protein, XY individuals do not.
E) The Sxl transcript (Pre-MRNA) is spliced differently in XX compared to XY individuals.
Why is it that mutations in bicoid and nanos exhibit genetic maternal effect in Drosophila (a mutation in the maternal parent produces a phenotype that shows up in the offspring), but mutations in runt and gooseberry do not?
Chapter 20 Solutions
Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (2nd Edition)
Ch. 20 - 18.1 Explain why many developmental genes encode...Ch. 20 - Bird beaks develop from an embryonic group of...Ch. 20 - 18.3 How is positional information provided along...Ch. 20 - Early development in Drosophila is atypical in...Ch. 20 - 18.5 Consider the evenskipped regulatory sequences...Ch. 20 - What is the difference between a parasegment and...Ch. 20 - Why do loss-of-function mutations in Hox genes...Ch. 20 - 18.8 Compare and contrast the specification of...Ch. 20 - Prob. 9PCh. 20 - Ablation of the anchor cell in wild type C....
Ch. 20 - 18.11 In gain-of-function and. elegans mutants,...Ch. 20 - Prob. 12PCh. 20 - Prob. 13PCh. 20 - 18.14 Given that maternal Bicoid activates the...Ch. 20 - What phenotypes do you expect in flies homozygous...Ch. 20 - The pair rule gene fushitarazu is expressed in...Ch. 20 - 18.17 In contrast to Drosophila, some insects...Ch. 20 - Prob. 18PCh. 20 - 18.19 You are traveling in the Netherlands and...Ch. 20 - 19.20 A powerful approach to identifying genes of...Ch. 20 - Prob. 21PCh. 20 - The Hoxd 913 genes are thought to specify digit...Ch. 20 - Three-spined stickleback fish live in lakes formed...Ch. 20 - In C. elegans there are two sexes: hermaphrodite...Ch. 20 - The flowering jungle plant Lacandoniaschismatica,...Ch. 20 - 18.24 Homeotic genes are thought to regulate each...Ch. 20 - Prob. 27PCh. 20 - Basidiomycota is a monophyletic group of fungi...Ch. 20 - In Drosophila, recessive mutations in the...
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- Suppose a researcher has three different Drosophila strains that have mutations in the bicoid gene called bicoid-A, bicoid-B, and bicoid-C; the wild type is designated bicoid +. To study these mutations, phenotypically normal female flies that are homozygous for the given bicoid mutation were obtained, and their oocytes were analyzed using a Northern blot to determine the size and/or amount of the bicoid mRNA and in situ hybridization to determine the bicoid mRNA location within the oocyte. A wild-type strain was also analyzed as a control. In both cases, the probe was complementary to the bicoid mRNA and the results are shown below. (Anterior is on the left; posterior is on the right.) Northern blot 1 2 - 3 4 In situ hybridization Wild type Lane 1. Wild type (bicoid*) Lane 2. bicoid-A Lane 3. bicoid-B Lane 4. bicoid-C bicoid-B bicoid-A bicoid-C Which mutation is likely to cause the embryo to develop two "anterior" ends? bicoid-B Obicoid-A bicoid-Carrow_forwardThe normal sequence of markers on a certain Drosophila chromosome is ABCDE*FGHIJK, where the asterisk represents the centromere. Some flies were isolated with a chromosome aberration that has the following structure: ABCDE*FIJK . This represents a O a) deletion of GH segment O b) inversion of GH segment O c) deletion O d) deletion of centromerearrow_forwardHuman females who are heterozygous for an X-linked recessive allele sometimes exhibit mild expression of the trait. However, such mild expression of X-linked traits in females who are heterozygous for Xlinked alleles is not seen in Drosophila. What might cause this difference in the expression of X-linked genes between human females and female Drosophila? (Hint: In Drosophila, dosage compensation is accomplished by doubling the activity of genes on the X chromosome of males.)arrow_forward
- The locations of six deletions have been mapped to a Drosophila chromosome, as shown in the following deletion map. Recessive mutations a, b, c, d, e, and f are known to be located in the same region as the deletions, but the order of the mutations on the chromosome is not known. (refer image for contination )arrow_forwardResearchers have exploited Minute mutations in orderto study the phenotypes associated with recessive lethal mutations (l−) that decrease the rate of cell divisionand thus make only very tiny homozygous mutant clones that are difficult to analyze. Many differentstrains of Drosophila carry dominant loss-of-functionMinute (M) mutations in a variety of genes encodingribosomal protein subunits. The M genes are haploinsufficient; flies with only one wild-type M+ gene copyhave a slower pace of cell division, and thus prolongeddevelopment and subtle morphological abnormalities.To circumvent the tiny clone problem, researchersgenerate GFP-marked homozygous l−/ l− clones thatare also M+/ M+, in flies that are l−/ l+ and M−/ M+.The loss of the Minute mutation only in cells withinthe clone gives the l−/ l− cells a growth advantageover their neighbors, enabling the mutant clone togrow large enough to study. Diagram chromosomesthat could be used to generate such clonesarrow_forwardThe locations of six deletions have been mapped to a Drosophila chromosome, as shown in the following deletion map. Recessive mutations a, b, c, d, e, and f are known to be located in the same region as the deletions, but the order of the mutations on the chromosome is not known.arrow_forward
- Our understanding of maternal effect genes has been greatly aided by their identification in experimental organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. In experimental organisms with a short generation time, geneticists have successfully searched for mutant alleles that prevent the normal process of embryonic development. In many cases, the offspring die at early embryonic or larval stages. These are called maternal effect lethal alleles. How would a researcher identify a mutation that produced a recessive maternal effect lethal allele?arrow_forwardFigure 19.25 shows that the Sxl protein binds to the mRNA of the msl-2 gene, inhibiting translation of the mRNA’s proper reading frame. The MSL-2 protein is a transcription factor that binds to the X chromosome in XY males to double the level of X-linked gene transcription, thus equalizing X-linked gene expression in XY males and XX females. a. In which sex, XY males or XX females, would the Sxl protein bind to the msl-2 mRNA? b. As discussed in Problem 35, some Sxl alleles are lethal to females and others are lethal to males. Is the function of Sxl in regulating the synthesis of Msl-2 protein sufficient to explain the sex-specific lethality caused by both kinds of alleles? c. Predict the effect of loss-of-function mutations in msl-2 on male and female fertility and viability.arrow_forwardCertain genes determine sex, fertility, and viability in Drosophila, and mutations in these genes affect the two sexes differently. Classify the descriptions below based on their occurrence in XY or XX flies. Some descriptions may be used in both categories. The expressed form of Dsx activates maleness genes and represses femaleness genes. XY XX Null mutations in the dsx gene result in an intersex phenotype. Loss-of-function mutations in the tra gene have no effect on phenotype. Sxl is expressed in early embryogenesis from the establishment promoter. Flies that produce Fru-M in brain cells from a transgene perform a mating dance and specifically court females. Loss-of-function mutations in the fru gene result in flies who court both males and females. Sxl regulates splicing of its own RNA to produce a functional protein. The expressed form of Dsx activates femaleness genes and represses maleness genes. Loss-of-function mutations in the Sxl gene have no effect on phenotype. Resetarrow_forward
- In wheat, aleurone cells form a thin layer of the seed coat that is critical to early gene expression in plant development. The color of this layer of cells is controlled by two alleles of a gene [colored aleurone (R) is dominant to colorless (r)]. A second gene is known to control the color of leaf tips [green leaf tip (G) is dominant to yellow (g)]. Two plants, each heterozygous for both characteristics, are test crossed to homozygous recessives, and their progeny are combined to produce the following totals: colored green 102 colored yellow 98 colorless green 103 colorless yellow 97 a) Use chi-square analysis to test these data for an independent assortment of the two characteristics (table provided). Please show work, how your expected values are calculated, and explain what your results indicate about the data. b) You decide to be cautious in your analysis, and decide to analyze the progeny from each of the crosses individually (instead of adding them together as shown above).…arrow_forwardConsider the following variations in Drosophila melanogaster, relative to the wild-type: White eyes are a recessive trait—the gene of which is found in Chromosome I (X). Vestigial wings are a recessive trait—the gene of which is found in Chromosome II. Aristapedia is a dominant trait—the gene of which is found in Chromosome III. Being homozygous for this condition is lethal. Cross the following mutant females with a wild-type (homozygous) male. Show the Punnett square and obtain the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the first filial generation (F1). Female with white eyes Q4: Show the Punnett squares and obtain the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the first filial generation (F1) and second filial generation (F2) of the following crosses. Note: The F2 generation can be obtained by crossing one male and one female from the F1 generation. Female with white eyes and vestigial wings and wild-type malearrow_forwardSeveral Drosophila species with unspotted wings are descended from a spotted ancestor. Would you predict the loss of spot formation to entail coding or noncoding changes in pigmentation genes? How would you test which is the case?arrow_forward
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