Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696534
Author: Yunus A. Cengel Dr., John M. Cimbala
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 2, Problem 99P
To determine
The surface tension of the liquid in air.
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In a tank with a height of 1 meter, open to the atmosphere at the top, there are two immiscible liquids (which do not mix) and whose densities are 13,600 kg/m3 and 750 kg/m3, respectively.
The tank is completely full and each liquid occupies half of the container. If the atmospheric pressure of the place is 105 Pa, at what depth, measured from the top of the tank, is the value of the gauge pressure equal to half the value of the atmospheric pressure of the place? Consider that the gravitational acceleration of the place is 9.8 m/s2?
a) 84.76 cmb) 34.75 cmc) 50.00 cmd) 37.51 cm
The water in a tank is pressurized by air, and the pressure is measured by a multifluid
manometer as shown. Determine the gage pressure of air in the tank if h,= 0.4 m, h2=0.6 m,
and hz=0.8 m. Take the densities of water, oil, and mercury to be 1000 kg/m3, 850 kg/m3,
and 13,600 kg/m3, respectively
Oil
Air
Water
Mercury
Water is stored in a tank with an inclined panel AB whose dimensions are 2m long by 1.6m wide. The manometer indicated a gage liquid height of z = 1.2m. (a) determine the pressure (in kPa) at B. (b)Determine the pressure (in kPa) at A? (c) Apply the pressure prism concept in determining the force (in kN) exerted on side AB. (d) At what distance from A (along the surface of panel AB) is the hydraulic force acting (in cm)?
Chapter 2 Solutions
Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications
Ch. 2 - What is the difference between intensive and...Ch. 2 - For a substance, what is the difference between...Ch. 2 - What is specific gravity? How is it related to...Ch. 2 - The specific weight of a system is defined as the...Ch. 2 - Under what conditions is the ideal-gas assumption...Ch. 2 - What is the difference between R and Ru? How are...Ch. 2 - A 75-L container is filled with 1 kg of air at a...Ch. 2 - A mass of 1-Ibm of argon is maintained at 200 psia...Ch. 2 - What is the specific volume of oxygen at 40 psia...Ch. 2 - A fluid that occupies a volume of 24 L weighs 22 N...
Ch. 2 - The air in an automobile tire with a volume of...Ch. 2 - The pressure in an automobile tire depends on the...Ch. 2 - A spherical balloon with a diameter of 9 m is...Ch. 2 - A cylindrical tank of methanol has a mass of 60kg...Ch. 2 - The combustion in a gasoline engine may be...Ch. 2 - Consider Table 2-1 in the textbook, which lists...Ch. 2 - What is vapor pressure? How is it related to...Ch. 2 - Does water boil at higher temperatures at higher...Ch. 2 - Prob. 22CPCh. 2 - What is cavitation? What causes it?Ch. 2 - Prob. 24EPCh. 2 - A pump is used to transport water to a higher...Ch. 2 - Prob. 26PCh. 2 - Prob. 27CPCh. 2 - List the forms of energy that contribute to the...Ch. 2 - How are heat, internal energy, and thermal energy...Ch. 2 - What is flow energy? Do fluids at rest possess any...Ch. 2 - How do the energies of a flowing fluid and a fluid...Ch. 2 - Using average specific heats, explain how internal...Ch. 2 - Prob. 33CPCh. 2 - Prob. 34EPCh. 2 - Saturated water vapor at 150°C (enthalpy...Ch. 2 - What does the coefficient of volume expansion of a...Ch. 2 - Prob. 37CPCh. 2 - Can the coefficient of compressibility of a fluid...Ch. 2 - Use the coefficient of volume expansion to...Ch. 2 - The volume of an ideal gas is to be reduced by...Ch. 2 - Water at 1 atm pressure is compressed to 400 atm...Ch. 2 - Prob. 42PCh. 2 - Saturated refrigerant-134a liquid at 10C is cooled...Ch. 2 - Prob. 44PCh. 2 - Prob. 45PCh. 2 - The density of seawater at a free surface where...Ch. 2 - Prob. 47EPCh. 2 - A frictionless piston-cylinder device contains 10...Ch. 2 - Reconsider Prob. 2-48. Assuming a bear pressure...Ch. 2 - Prob. 50PCh. 2 - Prob. 51PCh. 2 - Prob. 52CPCh. 2 - Prob. 53CPCh. 2 - In which medium will sound travel fastest for a...Ch. 2 - Prob. 55CPCh. 2 - Prob. 56CPCh. 2 - Prob. 57CPCh. 2 - Is then sonic ve1ocity a specified medium a fixed...Ch. 2 - Prob. 59PCh. 2 - Carbon dioxide enters an adiabatic nozzle at 1200...Ch. 2 - Prob. 61PCh. 2 - Assuming ideal gas behavior, determine the speed...Ch. 2 - Prob. 63PCh. 2 - Steam flows through a device with a pressure of...Ch. 2 - Air expands isentropically from 2.2 MPa 77C to 0.4...Ch. 2 - Repeat Prob. 2-66 for helium gas.Ch. 2 - The Airbus A-340 passenger plane has a maximum...Ch. 2 - Prob. 69CPCh. 2 - What is viscosity? What is the cause of it is...Ch. 2 - How does the kinematic viscosity of (a) liquids...Ch. 2 - Prob. 72CPCh. 2 - The viscosity of a fluid is to be measured by a...Ch. 2 - The dynamic viscosity of carbon dioxide at 50°C...Ch. 2 - Consider the flow of a fluid with viscosity ...Ch. 2 - The viscosity of a fluid is to be measured by a...Ch. 2 - A thin 30cm30cm flat plate is pulled at 3 m/s...Ch. 2 - A rotating viscometer consists of two concentric...Ch. 2 - For flow over a plate, the variation of velocity...Ch. 2 - In regions far from the entrance, fluid flow...Ch. 2 - Repeat Prob. 2-83 for umax=6m/s .Ch. 2 - A frustum-shaped body is rotating at a constant...Ch. 2 - A rotating viscometer consists of two concentric...Ch. 2 - A thin plate moves between two parallel,...Ch. 2 - Prob. 88PCh. 2 - A cylinder of mass m slides down from rest in a...Ch. 2 - What is surface tension” What is its cause? Why is...Ch. 2 - What is the capillary effect? What is its cause?...Ch. 2 - Prob. 92CPCh. 2 - Prob. 93CPCh. 2 - Is the capillary rise greater in small- or...Ch. 2 - Determine the gage pressure inside a soap bubble...Ch. 2 - A2.4-in-diameter soap bubble is to be enlarged by...Ch. 2 - Prob. 97PCh. 2 - Consider a 0.15-mm diameter air bubble a liquid....Ch. 2 - Prob. 99PCh. 2 - A capillary tube of 1.2 mm diameter is immersed...Ch. 2 - Prob. 101EPCh. 2 - Prob. 102PCh. 2 - Contrary to what you might expect, a solid steel...Ch. 2 - Nutrients dissolved in water are carried to upper...Ch. 2 - Consider a 55-cm-long journal bearing that is...Ch. 2 - Prob. 106PCh. 2 - Prob. 107EPCh. 2 - A 10-m3 tank contacts nitrogen at 25C and 800kPa....Ch. 2 - The absolute pressure of an automobile tire is...Ch. 2 - The analysis of a propeller that operates in water...Ch. 2 - A closed tank is partially filled with water at...Ch. 2 - Prob. 112PCh. 2 - A rigid tank contains an ideal gas at 300kPa and...Ch. 2 - The composition of a liquid with suspended solid...Ch. 2 - A newly produced pipe with diameter of 3m and...Ch. 2 - Prove that the coefficient of volume expansion for...Ch. 2 - Although liquids, in general, are hard to...Ch. 2 - Air expands isentropically from 200psia and 240F...Ch. 2 - Prob. 120PCh. 2 - Reconsider Prob. 2-120. The shaft now rotates with...Ch. 2 - Derive a relation for the capillary rise eta...Ch. 2 - A 10-cm diameter cylindrical shaft rotates inside...Ch. 2 - A large plate is pulled at a constant spend of...Ch. 2 - Some rocks or bricks contain small air pockets in...Ch. 2 - A fluid between two very long parallel plates is...Ch. 2 - The rotating parts of a hydroelectric power plant...Ch. 2 - The viscosity of some fluids changes when a strong...Ch. 2 - Prob. 129PCh. 2 - Prob. 130PCh. 2 - Prob. 131PCh. 2 - Oil of viscosity =0.0357Pas and density...Ch. 2 - Prob. 133PCh. 2 - Prob. 134PCh. 2 - Prob. 135PCh. 2 - Prob. 136PCh. 2 - Prob. 137PCh. 2 - Liquid water vaporizes into water vaper as it ?aws...Ch. 2 - In a water distribution system, the pressure of...Ch. 2 - The pressure of water is increased from 100kPa to...Ch. 2 - An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from...Ch. 2 - The variation of the density of a fluid with...Ch. 2 - Prob. 143PCh. 2 - The viscosity of liquids and the viscosity of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 145PCh. 2 - Prob. 146PCh. 2 - Prob. 147PCh. 2 - The dynamic viscosity of air at 20C and 200kPa is...Ch. 2 - A viscometer constructed of two 30-cm -long...Ch. 2 - A 0.6-mm-diameter glass tube is inserted into...Ch. 2 - Prob. 151PCh. 2 - Prob. 152PCh. 2 - Prob. 153PCh. 2 - Prob. 155PCh. 2 - Prob. 156PCh. 2 - Prob. 157PCh. 2 - Evan though steel is about 7 to 8 times denser...
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- Consider a column of a planet's atmosphere. The planet's atmosphere is a compressible ideal gas at rest that obeys the polytropic relation Po %3D 3/2 Po 3/2 where pis pressure and pis density. Here, p, and P, are the values of pressure and density, respectively, at the planet's surface. Take z (altitude) to be positive upward with z=0 at the surface, take R to be the gas constant for the planet's atmosphere, and take g to be the downward acceleration due to gravity. a) Starting from hydrostatic balance and the polytropic relation above, derive an expression for the pressure field, p(z), in terms of the given parameters. Leave all parameters except the polytropic index as algebraic. b) Derive an expression for the density field, p(z), in terms of the given parameters. Leave all parameters except the polytropic index as algebraic. c) Derive an expression for the temperature field, T(z), in terms of the given parameters. Leave all parameters except the polytropic index as algebraic.arrow_forwardI need the answer as soon as possiblearrow_forwardConsider a differential manometer whose ends are connected to two different pipes A and B and containing different liquids at different levels. Let us assume that the pressure at point A is more than that at point B. Oil is in pipe A whose density 800 kg/m3 shows a difference in mercury levels as 100 mm. The height of oil between center of pipe A to the mercury level in left limb is 200 mm. Methanol (relative density = 0.791) is in pipe B and the height of Methanol between center of pipe B and mercury level in the right limb is 5 cm. Calculate the difference in pressures at the two points A and B.arrow_forward
- Please solve and show your solution on a paper with units in every proceedure. Determine the vertical pressure in kgf/cm2 due to a column of water 70 m high.arrow_forwardA spherical balloon containing Oxygen (initially at sea level) has a radius of 8 inches. If the uniform density of air is 0.07498lb/ft3 and that the pressure at sea level is 14.7psia, determine the new radius (inch) of the balloon if it has been brought above sea level by 6000ft.arrow_forwardConsider a differential manometer whose ends are connected to two different pipes A andB and containing different liquids at different levels. Let us assume that the pressure at point A is more than that at point B. Oil is in pipe A whose density 800 kg/m³ shows a difference in mercury levels as 100 mm. The height of oil between center of pipe A to the mercury level in left limb is 200 mm. Methanol (relative density 0.791) is in pipe B and the height of Methanol between center of pipe B and mercury level in the right limb is 5 cm. Calculate the difference in pressures at the two points A and B.arrow_forward
- What is the density of the added fluid (in kg/m3)arrow_forwardA balloon with neglible mass is inflated with helium . The balloon is connected to a 20N cube via a string andbeing placed on water. It is known that air density is 1.16kg/m3 and helium density is 0.16kg/m3 . If the balloon volume is 0.77m3. determine the volume of cube that submerged.arrow_forwardThe pressure at 9.85m depth in a fluid is 102,482Pa. Calculate the density of the fluid and present the answer in Pascal with accuracy up to one decimal place. Consider 1 atm = 101325 Pa. Assume the value of gravity to be 9.8 m/s2.arrow_forward
- The water in a tank is pressurized by air, and the pressure is measured by a multifluid manometer as shown. Take the densities of water, oil, and mercury to be 1000 kg/m3, 850 kg/m3, and 13,600 kg/m3, respectively i. Determine the gage pressure of air in the tank if h1 = 0.4 m, h2 = 0.6 m, and h3 = 0.8 m. ii. What change do you expect in pressure of air in the following case? a. Slight Increase in h2arrow_forwardFor a specific volume of 0.2 m³/kg, find the quality of steam if the absolute pressure is (a) 40 kPa and (b) 630 kPa. What is the temperature of each case Calculate the specific volume of water at (a) 160 °C and (b) 221 °C if the quality is 85 percentarrow_forwardA force, P, is applied to a piston with a mass of 15 kg and a diameter of 43 cm that rests on top of a cylinder containing water as shown. (The piston is free to move in the cylinder, but is sealed so no water can escape.) An open U-tube manometer is connected to the cylinder as shown. Determine the applied force, P in kN, if h1 = 68 mm and h = 100 mm. You can use the following data: the specific weight of water is 9.81 kN/m³ and the specific gravity of mercury is 13.546. Approximate your answer to three decimal places TU Piston Water Mercuryarrow_forward
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