Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 2, Problem 5PDQ
If two chromosomes of a species are the same length and have similar centromere placements and yet are not homologous, what is different about them?
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A diploid species has 3 pairs of chromosomes in its somatic cells. In males, the first pair is large submetacentric[1]; the second is medium acrocentric[2], and the third is small telocentric[3]. In females, the first two pairs are like those of the males while the third is large metacentric[4][5], with satellite4 Illustrate the karyograms (drawing/picture of the chromosome) of the following:
A triploid cell in females
tetrasomic cell in males
tetraploid cell in females
[1] submetacentric --centrosome is just above the middle of the chromosome
[2] acrocentric --centrosome is much higher location than submetacentric so that the “p” arm of the chromosome is much shorter than the q arm
[3] telocentric --the centromere is at the end of the chromosome
[4] metacentric --centrosome is in the middle of the chromosome; thus the “p-arm” and the “q-arm” or both arms of the chromosome are equal in length
[5] satellite-a constriction in an arm of a chromosome, aside…
A group of naturally occurring diploids of a species has 50 pairsof chromosomes.how many centromeres would you expect in Anaphase (mitosis)?by the end of the telophase (mitosis), what is the chromosome number of the species?in prophase (mitosis), how many chromatids should there be at this stage?
A diploid organism has a total of 14 chromosomes and about20,000 genes per haploid genome. Approximately how manygenes are in each linkage group?
Chapter 2 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 2 - With the initial appearance of the feature we call...Ch. 2 - An organism has a diploid number of 16 in a...Ch. 2 - Examine Figure 2.12, which shows oogenesis in...Ch. 2 - Over a period of two years, a man in his early 20s...Ch. 2 - Over a period of two years, a man in his early 20s...Ch. 2 - Over a period of two years, a man in his early 20s...Ch. 2 - In this chapter, we focused on how chromosomes are...Ch. 2 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on page 14. All...Ch. 2 - What role do the following cellular components...Ch. 2 - Discuss the concepts of homologous chromosomes,...
Ch. 2 - If two chromosomes of a species are the same...Ch. 2 - Describe the events that characterize each stage...Ch. 2 - How are chromosomes named on the basis of their...Ch. 2 - Contrast telophase in plant and animal mitosis.Ch. 2 - Describe the phases of the cell cycle and the...Ch. 2 - Define and discuss these terms: (a) synapsis, (b)...Ch. 2 - Contrast the genetic content and the origin of...Ch. 2 - Given the end results of the two types of...Ch. 2 - Contrast spermatogenesis and oogenesis. What is...Ch. 2 - Explain why meiosis leads to significant genetic...Ch. 2 - A diploid cell contains three pairs of homologous...Ch. 2 - Considering Problem 15, predict the number of...Ch. 2 - During oogenesis in an animal species with a...Ch. 2 - What is the probability that, in an organism with...Ch. 2 - The nuclear DNA content of a single sperm cell in...Ch. 2 - Describe the role of meiosis in the life cycle of...Ch. 2 - Contrast the chromatin fiber with the mitotic...Ch. 2 - Describe the folded-fiber model of the mitotic...Ch. 2 - Prob. 23PDQCh. 2 - If one follows 50 primary oocytes in an animal...Ch. 2 - In mitosis, what chromatid combination(s) will be...Ch. 2 - During meiosis I, assuming no crossing over, what...Ch. 2 - Are there any possible combinations present during...Ch. 2 - Draw all possible combinations of chromatids...Ch. 2 - Assume that during meiosis I none of the C...Ch. 2 - Assume that each gamete resulting from Problem 29...Ch. 2 - A species of cereal rye (Secale cereale) has a...Ch. 2 - An interesting procedure has been applied for...Ch. 2 - Assume that you were examining a first polar body...Ch. 2 - Kuliev and Verlinsky (2004) state that there was a...
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- The dog Canis familiaris is a diploid organism with 39 pairs of homologous chromosomes. What is the 2n number for the dog? What is the n number for the dog?arrow_forwardWhat is the number of sex chromosomes in male honey bees? We know that the chromosome set of males in honey bees is 1n and the chromosome set of female honeys is 2n, and based on this, the number of autosomal chromosomes in male honeybees is 16 chromosomes, and the number of autosomal chromosomes in female honey is 32 chromosomes, but if The male was haploid (1n) Will this make the number of autosomes equal to the number of sex chromosomes? Please clarify the answerarrow_forwardA diploid organism produces four gametes from one parent cell through the process of meiosis. Two gametes are found to have 7 chromosomes and two gametes are found to have 5 chromosomes. A) Is this the expected number of chromosomes that would be found in each gamete following a normal cycle of meiosis? If yes, explain why. If no, explain why not and describe how the gamete situation described above occurred. B) Determine the number of homologous chromosome pairs that the original parent cell contained, before meiosis began. Explain how you determined this value.arrow_forward
- A prairie grass species called "little bluestem" is tetraploid. It has four complete sets of chromosomes. There are ten kinds of chromosomes; in other words, each complete set of chromosomes has a total of 10 chromosomes. A single somatic cell (e.g., a cell in a leaf) will have 40 chromosomes, 4 of each kind of chromsome, i.e., 4 of the number 1 chromsome, 4 of the number 2 chromsome, etc. The illustration below shows prophase of meiosis 1 in chromosome number 10. In a diploid cell, there would be one tetrad (group of 4 chromatids) for each kind of chromosome. For example, there would be one tetrad for chromosome 8, one for chromsome 9, etc. When the tetraploid little bluestem undergoes meiosis, how many of chromosome number 10 will each sperm cell carry?arrow_forwardIf a gamete of an unknown animal species has 18 chromosomes, how many chromatids are at anaphase I? If a gamete of an unknown animal species has 18 chromosomes, how many chromatids are at telophase II? If a gamete of an unknown animal species has 18 chromosomes, how many centromeres after prophase II? If a gamete of an unknown animal species has 18 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are in after anaphase II? If a gamete of an unknown animal species has 18 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are in at metaphase I? PLEASE ANSWER ALL OF THEM THEY ARE ALL CONNECTED, THANK YOU!arrow_forwardIf each gene is located on a specific chromosome and that chromosome has two pairs (homologous chromosomes), how does each chromosome represent one allele and why do you label each chromatid with the same allele?arrow_forward
- In many organisms, including humans, chromosomes occur in homologous pairs; where does each member of the pair originate?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n = 36? a) A gamete from this species has eighteen chromosomes Ob) The species is diploid with 72 chromosomes per cell c) The species has 36 pairs of homologous chromosomes per cell Od) Each diploid cell has 18 chromosomesarrow_forwardIf two chromosomes of a species are the same length and have similar centromere placements and yet are not homologous, what is different about them? Choose 1: A) Genes are different B) Alleles are different C) Loci are different D) Nothing is differentarrow_forward
- If an organism has 15 pairs of homologous chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after telophase of mitosis? In this same organism, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after telophase II of meiosis?arrow_forwardA normal diploid version of a plant species has 2n = 18 chromosomes. How many chromosomes would you expect to find in a tetrasomic individual of this species?arrow_forwardGiven the end results of the two types of cell division, why is it necessary for homologs to pair during meiosis and not desirable for them to pair during mitosis?arrow_forward
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