Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 2, Problem 1PDQ
In this chapter, we focused on how chromosomes are distributed during cell division, both in dividing somatic cells (mitosis) and in gamete-and spore-forming cells (meiosis). We found many opportunities to consider the methods and reasoning by which much of this information was acquired. From the explanations given in the chapter, answer the following questions.
- (a) How do we know that chromosomes exist in homologous pairs?
- (b) How do we know that
DNA replication occurs during inter-phase, not early in mitosis? - (c) How do we know that mitotic chromosomes are derived from chromatin?
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A) Give the diploid number of this organism.
B) Is it mitosis or meiosis? Give two (2) elements on which you base your reasoning.
C) Identify this mystery phase of the cell cycle.
D) How many daughter cells will be produced at the end of the process and how many chromosomes (in numbers) will they contain?
E) How does this process ensure the genetic variability of individuals of the species? Your answer must be based on two (2) different elements.
Assume that the diploid number of a certain species is four chromosomes, two large and two small (2n=4).
a) Of the following figures, which represents a 3n (triploid) cell in mitotic metaphase?
b) For each of the wrong answers from part (a) above, explain briefly why it cannot represent a triploid cell in mitotic metaphase.
Chapter 2 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 2 - With the initial appearance of the feature we call...Ch. 2 - An organism has a diploid number of 16 in a...Ch. 2 - Examine Figure 2.12, which shows oogenesis in...Ch. 2 - Over a period of two years, a man in his early 20s...Ch. 2 - Over a period of two years, a man in his early 20s...Ch. 2 - Over a period of two years, a man in his early 20s...Ch. 2 - In this chapter, we focused on how chromosomes are...Ch. 2 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on page 14. All...Ch. 2 - What role do the following cellular components...Ch. 2 - Discuss the concepts of homologous chromosomes,...
Ch. 2 - If two chromosomes of a species are the same...Ch. 2 - Describe the events that characterize each stage...Ch. 2 - How are chromosomes named on the basis of their...Ch. 2 - Contrast telophase in plant and animal mitosis.Ch. 2 - Describe the phases of the cell cycle and the...Ch. 2 - Define and discuss these terms: (a) synapsis, (b)...Ch. 2 - Contrast the genetic content and the origin of...Ch. 2 - Given the end results of the two types of...Ch. 2 - Contrast spermatogenesis and oogenesis. What is...Ch. 2 - Explain why meiosis leads to significant genetic...Ch. 2 - A diploid cell contains three pairs of homologous...Ch. 2 - Considering Problem 15, predict the number of...Ch. 2 - During oogenesis in an animal species with a...Ch. 2 - What is the probability that, in an organism with...Ch. 2 - The nuclear DNA content of a single sperm cell in...Ch. 2 - Describe the role of meiosis in the life cycle of...Ch. 2 - Contrast the chromatin fiber with the mitotic...Ch. 2 - Describe the folded-fiber model of the mitotic...Ch. 2 - Prob. 23PDQCh. 2 - If one follows 50 primary oocytes in an animal...Ch. 2 - In mitosis, what chromatid combination(s) will be...Ch. 2 - During meiosis I, assuming no crossing over, what...Ch. 2 - Are there any possible combinations present during...Ch. 2 - Draw all possible combinations of chromatids...Ch. 2 - Assume that during meiosis I none of the C...Ch. 2 - Assume that each gamete resulting from Problem 29...Ch. 2 - A species of cereal rye (Secale cereale) has a...Ch. 2 - An interesting procedure has been applied for...Ch. 2 - Assume that you were examining a first polar body...Ch. 2 - Kuliev and Verlinsky (2004) state that there was a...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Consider the following DNA molecule (shown in the picture) and assume this is the DNA sequence of the entire chromosomes. list the amino acid sequences of the possible protein or proteins that could be produced from this DNA sequence what would be the DNA sequence of a sister chromatid generated from this chromosome sequence? (specify the 5' nd 3' ends)arrow_forwardIn a turtle species, a diploid cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle contains 22 picograms of DNA (picogram is a measure of the total mass of the DNA present). How much DNA is present in a cell of the same species at prophase II of meiosis (prophase of the second meiotic division)?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is accurate? Select all that apply. A.)They are the same as sister chromatids. B.) They are genetically identical. C.) They pair during mitosis. D.) They pair during meiosis. E.) They are genetically similar.arrow_forward
- Why do eukaryotic cells need to go through the elaborate procedure of mitosis rather than simply dividing during interphase? Select as many answers as apply. 1.Daughter cells must be genetically identical to the mother cell, for homeostasis and ordered tissue growth. 2.Bivalent chromosomes must condense and be separated in an orderly fashion, to allow equal distribution of copies into daughter cells 3.Physically dividing the nucleus during interphase would likely lead to gross chromosome breakage and highly unequal assortment of genetic information into daughter cells. 4.Dividing the nucleus during interphase would have the same outcome as mitosis 5.Daughter cells must have half the number of chromosomes after mitosis than the mother cells 6.The homologous pairs of chromosomes need to be separated, to ensure copies go to the daughter cells.arrow_forwardI am a little confused on this question.arrow_forwardMitotic nondisjunction can occur, particularly in tumor cells. Assume a single nondisjunction event involving the X chromosome occurs in a cell undergoing mitosis in a human female. First, consider the daughter cell with the smaller number of chromosomes: How many total chromosomes will this cell have? How many X chromosomes will this cell have? Next, consider the daughter cell with the larger number of chromosomes: How many total chromosomes will this cell have? How many X chromosomes will this cell have?arrow_forward
- How does prohpahse in mitosis differ from prohpahse 1 in meiosis? What genetic advantage does prohpahse 1 in meiosis offer that prohpahse in mitosis does not offerarrow_forwardIs my answer are correct?arrow_forwarda) What kind of thing went wrong with these chromosomes? Give a one-word (or two-word) answer. b) What cellular process are these chromosomes going through? c) Which one of these pictures, a, b, or c, will end up with the fewest problems, and why? (C) Alternate segregation (B) Adjacent-2 segregation (A) Adjacent-1 segregation Metaphase I configuration N1 N2 N. N2 T2arrow_forward
- You are investigating two temperature-sensitive mutant cells. In one, you can inactivate shugoshin activity by raising the temperature slightly at the start of meiosis. In the other, you can similarly inactivate separase activity by raising the temperature. How would the two cells be affected by inactivating these proteins?arrow_forwardA diploid species has 3 pairs of chromosomes in its somatic cells. In males, the first pair is large submetacentric[1]; the second is medium acrocentric[2], and the third is small telocentric[3]. In females, the first two pairs are like those of the males while the third is large metacentric[4][5], with satellite4 Illustrate the karyograms (drawing/picture of the chromosome) of the following: A triploid cell in females tetrasomic cell in males tetraploid cell in females [1] submetacentric --centrosome is just above the middle of the chromosome [2] acrocentric --centrosome is much higher location than submetacentric so that the “p” arm of the chromosome is much shorter than the q arm [3] telocentric --the centromere is at the end of the chromosome [4] metacentric --centrosome is in the middle of the chromosome; thus the “p-arm” and the “q-arm” or both arms of the chromosome are equal in length [5] satellite-a constriction in an arm of a chromosome, aside…arrow_forward44) Pick the answer that best describes how metaphase I and metaphase II differ from each other. A) Metaphase I lines up homologous chromosomes on the metaphase plate while metaphase II lines up sister chromatids. B) Metaphase I is a haploid stage while metaphase II is a diploid stage C) Metaphase I lines up sister chromatids on the metaphase plate while metaphase II lines up homologous chromosomes. D) Metaphase I is a diploid stage while metaphase II is a haploid stage E) A&Darrow_forward
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