College Physics (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321902788
Author: Hugh D. Young, Philip W. Adams, Raymond Joseph Chastain
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2, Problem 5CQ
True or false? (a) If an object’s average speed is zero, its average velocity must also be zero. (b) If an object’s average velocity is zero, its average speed must also be zero. Explain the reasoning behind your answers. If the statement is false, give several examples to show that it is false.
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A cylinder with a piston contains 0.153 mol of
nitrogen at a pressure of 1.83×105 Pa and a
temperature of 290 K. The nitrogen may be
treated as an ideal gas. The gas is first compressed
isobarically to half its original volume. It then
expands adiabatically back to its original volume,
and finally it is heated isochorically to its original
pressure.
Part A
Compute the temperature at the beginning of the adiabatic expansion.
Express your answer in kelvins.
ΕΠΙ ΑΣΦ
T₁ =
?
K
Submit
Request Answer
Part B
Compute the temperature at the end of the adiabatic expansion.
Express your answer in kelvins.
Π ΑΣΦ
T₂ =
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Part C
Compute the minimum pressure.
Express your answer in pascals.
ΕΠΙ ΑΣΦ
P =
Submit
Request Answer
?
?
K
Pa
Learning Goal:
To understand the meaning and the basic applications of
pV diagrams for an ideal gas.
As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are
described by the equation
pV = nRT,
where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of
the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas
constant, and T is the absolute temperature of the gas. It
follows that, for a portion of an ideal gas,
pV
= constant.
Τ
One can see that, if the amount of gas remains constant,
it is impossible to change just one parameter of the gas:
At least one more parameter would also change. For
instance, if the pressure of the gas is changed, we can
be sure that either the volume or the temperature of the
gas (or, maybe, both!) would also change.
To explore these changes, it is often convenient to draw a
graph showing one parameter as a function of the other.
Although there are many choices of axes, the most
common one is a plot of pressure as a function of
volume: a pV diagram.
In this problem, you…
Learning Goal:
To understand the meaning and the basic applications of
pV diagrams for an ideal gas.
As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are
described by the equation
pV = nRT,
where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of
the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas
constant, and T is the absolute temperature of the gas. It
follows that, for a portion of an ideal gas,
pV
= constant.
T
One can see that, if the amount of gas remains constant,
it is impossible to change just one parameter of the gas:
At least one more parameter would also change. For
instance, if the pressure of the gas is changed, we can
be sure that either the volume or the temperature of the
gas (or, maybe, both!) would also change.
To explore these changes, it is often convenient to draw a
graph showing one parameter as a function of the other.
Although there are many choices of axes, the most
common one is a plot of pressure as a function of
volume: a pV diagram.
In this problem, you…
Chapter 2 Solutions
College Physics (10th Edition)
Ch. 2 - A jogger runs due east along a straight jogging...Ch. 2 - Give an example or two in which the magnitude of...Ch. 2 - Under what conditions is average velocity equal to...Ch. 2 - If an automobile is traveling north, can it have...Ch. 2 - True or false? (a) If an objects average speed is...Ch. 2 - Is it possible for an object to be accelerating...Ch. 2 - A wind-up toy car is released from rest. It...Ch. 2 - Can an object with constant acceleration reverse...Ch. 2 - If the graph of the position of an object as a...Ch. 2 - If the graph of the position of an object as a...
Ch. 2 - If the graph of the velocity of an object as a...Ch. 2 - Figure 2.31 shows graphs of the positions of three...Ch. 2 - Figure 2.32 shows graphs of the velocities of...Ch. 2 - Figure 2.33 shows the graph of an objects position...Ch. 2 - Figure 2.3 shows the graph of an objects velocity...Ch. 2 - Figure 2.35 shows the position x of an object as a...Ch. 2 - Figure 2.36 shows the velocity of an object Ux as...Ch. 2 - A ball is dropped from rest from the top of a...Ch. 2 - Which of the following statements about average...Ch. 2 - A ball is thrown directly upward with a velocity...Ch. 2 - Two objects start at the same place at the same...Ch. 2 - An object starts from rest and accelerates...Ch. 2 - If a car moving at 80 mi/h takes 400 ft to stop...Ch. 2 - Figure 2.38 shows the velocity of a jogger as a...Ch. 2 - A certain airport runway of length L allows planes...Ch. 2 - A ball rolls off a horizontal shelf a height h...Ch. 2 - A frog leaps vertically into the air and...Ch. 2 - A cat runs in a straight line. Figure 2.39 shows a...Ch. 2 - A wildebeest is running in a straight line, which...Ch. 2 - A bullet is dropped into a river from a very high...Ch. 2 - An ant is crawling along a straight wire, which we...Ch. 2 - || A person is walking briskly in a straight line,...Ch. 2 - A dog runs from points A to B to C in 3.0 s. (See...Ch. 2 - || BIO Figure 2.44 shows the position of a moving...Ch. 2 - || An object moves along the x axis. Figure 2.45...Ch. 2 - || A boulder starting from rest rolls down a hill...Ch. 2 - || Each graph in Figure 2.47 shows the position of...Ch. 2 - Family trip. You and your family take a trip to...Ch. 2 - Hypersonic scramjet. On March 27, 2004, the United...Ch. 2 - Plate tectonics. The earths crust is broken up...Ch. 2 - A runner covers one lap of a circular track 40.0 m...Ch. 2 - At room temperature, sound travels at a speed of...Ch. 2 - BIO Ouch! Nerve impulses travel at different...Ch. 2 - While riding on a bus traveling down the highway,...Ch. 2 - || A mouse travels along a straight line; its...Ch. 2 - || The freeway blues! When you normally drive the...Ch. 2 - ||Two runners start simultaneously at opposite...Ch. 2 - || A physics professor leaves her house and walks...Ch. 2 - || A test car travels in a straight line along the...Ch. 2 - || Figure 2.50 shows the position x of a crawling...Ch. 2 - || The graph in Figure 2.51 shows the velocity of...Ch. 2 - || DATA A test driver at Incredible Motors, Inc.,...Ch. 2 - (a) The pilot of a jet fighter will black out at...Ch. 2 - || For each graph of velocity as a function of...Ch. 2 - || A little cat, Bella, walks along a straight...Ch. 2 - The driver of a car traveling on the highway...Ch. 2 - BIO Animal motion. Cheetahs, the fastest of the...Ch. 2 - || BIO A cat drops from a shelf 4.0 ft above the...Ch. 2 - || BIO Blackout? A jet fighter pilot wishes to...Ch. 2 - A car is traveling at 60 mi/h down a highway. (a)...Ch. 2 - BIO If a pilot accelerates at more than 4g, he...Ch. 2 - || BIO Air-bag injuries. During an auto accident,...Ch. 2 - Starting from rest, a boulder rolls down a hill...Ch. 2 - Faster than a speeding bullet! The Beretta Model...Ch. 2 - Electric drag racer. An electric drag racer is...Ch. 2 - The reaction time of the average automobile driver...Ch. 2 - According to recent typical test data, a Ford...Ch. 2 - A car sitting at a red light begins to accelerate...Ch. 2 - If the radius of a circle of area A and...Ch. 2 - In the redesign of a machine, a metal cubical part...Ch. 2 - You have two cylindrical tanks. The tank with the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 42PCh. 2 - Two rockets having the same acceleration start...Ch. 2 - The drivers of two cars having equal speeds hit...Ch. 2 - Two bicyclists start a sprint from rest, each...Ch. 2 - (a) If a flea can jump straight up to a height of...Ch. 2 - A brick is released with no initial speed from the...Ch. 2 - Worlds tallest building. Suppose that you drop a...Ch. 2 - A tennis ball on Mars, where the acceleration due...Ch. 2 - Measuring g. One way to measure g on another...Ch. 2 - Thats a lot of hot air! A hot-air balloonist,...Ch. 2 - Astronauts on the moon. Astronauts on our moon...Ch. 2 - A student throws a water balloon vertically...Ch. 2 - A rock is thrown vertically upward with a speed of...Ch. 2 - BIO Physiological effects of large acceleration....Ch. 2 - Two stones are thrown vertically upward from the...Ch. 2 - Two coconuts fall freely from rest at the same...Ch. 2 - A Toyota Prius driving north at 65 mi/h and a VW...Ch. 2 - You are driving eastbound on the interstate at 70...Ch. 2 - A helicopter 8.50 m above the ground and...Ch. 2 - || A jetliner has a cruising air speed of 600 mi/h...Ch. 2 - || At the instant the traffic light turns green,...Ch. 2 - || A state trooper is traveling down the...Ch. 2 - Two rocks are thrown directly upward with the same...Ch. 2 - BIO Prevention of hip fractures. Falls resulting...Ch. 2 - || Egg drop. You are on the roof of the physics...Ch. 2 - || Galileos marbles. Galileo used marbles rolling...Ch. 2 - A large boulder is ejected vertically upward from...Ch. 2 - A car is traveling in the negative x direction at...Ch. 2 - Bio A healthy heart pumping at a rate of 72 beats...Ch. 2 - A car in the northbound lane s sitting at a red...Ch. 2 - A rocket blasts off vertically from rest on the...Ch. 2 - BIO An elite human sorinter reaches his top speed...Ch. 2 - || How high is the cliff? Suppose you are climbing...Ch. 2 - BIO Blood flow in the heart. The human circulatory...Ch. 2 - BIO Blood flow in the heart. The human circulatory...Ch. 2 - BIO Blood flow in the heart. The human circulatory...
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