Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168130
Author: Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2, Problem 34CTQ
Oxygen, whose atomic number is eight, has three stable isotopes:
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The elements oxygen and sulfur have similar chemical properties because they both have six electrons in their outermost electron shells. Indeed, both elements form molecules with two hydrogen atoms, water (H2O) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Surprisingly, at room temperature, water is a liquid, yet H2S is a gas, despite sulfur being much larger and heavier than oxygen. Explain why this might be the case.
Look up the valence electron configuration, covalent atomic radius, effective nuclear charge, first ionization energy and Pauling
electronegativity in Chapter 8 (tables are attached). Examine the above data and answer the following questions.
a) Explain why some of the elements like TI and Pb on the lower left of the p block are metallic.
b) Explain why some of the elements like C, Si in the center of the p block form covalent bonds. Explain why these bonds formed
by the network of these elements (as studied in Chapter 25) tend to be unreactive.
c) Explain why the noble Group 8A elements are highly unreactive gases.
d) Explain why some elements like F, CI, Br etc, on the upper right of the p block are highly reactive nonmetals.
Chlorine is an element with the symbol Cl. Draw and label atomic structure of chlorine indicating the number and locations of protons, neutrons and electrons in one atom of chlorine.
Chapter 2 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 2 - Visit this website...Ch. 2 - Visit this website...Ch. 2 - Watch this video...Ch. 2 - Together, just four elements make up more than 95...Ch. 2 - The smallest unit of an element that still retains...Ch. 2 - The characteristic that gives an element its...Ch. 2 - On the periodic table of the elements, mercury...Ch. 2 - Nitrogen has an atomic number of seven. How many...Ch. 2 - Which of the following is a molecule, but not a...Ch. 2 - A molecule of ammonia contains one atom of...
Ch. 2 - When an atom donates an electron to another atom,...Ch. 2 - A substance formed of crystals of equal numbers of...Ch. 2 - Which of the following statements about chemical...Ch. 2 - The energy stored in a foot of snow on a steep...Ch. 2 - The bonding of calcium, phosphorus, and other...Ch. 2 - ABA+B is a general notation for a(n) ________...Ch. 2 - __________ reactions release energy. Catabolic...Ch. 2 - Which of the following combinations of atoms is...Ch. 2 - Chewing a bite of bread mixes it with saliva and...Ch. 2 - CH4 is methane. This compound is ________....Ch. 2 - Which of the following is most likely to be found...Ch. 2 - Jenny mixes up a batch of pancake batter, then...Ch. 2 - A substance dissociates into K+ and Cl- in...Ch. 2 - Ty is three years old and as a result of a stomach...Ch. 2 - C6H12O6 is the chemical formula for a ________....Ch. 2 - What organic compound do brain cells primarily...Ch. 2 - Which of the following is a functional group that...Ch. 2 - A pentose sugar is a part of the monomer used to...Ch. 2 - A phospholipid ________. has both polar and...Ch. 2 - In DNA, nucleotide bonding forms a compound with a...Ch. 2 - Uracil ________. contains nitrogen is a pyrimidine...Ch. 2 - The ability of an enzymes active sites to bind...Ch. 2 - The most abundant elements In the foods and...Ch. 2 - Oxygen, whose atomic number is eight, has three...Ch. 2 - Magnesium is an important element in the human...Ch. 2 - Explain why CH4 is one of the most common...Ch. 2 - In a hurry one day, you merely rinse your lunch...Ch. 2 - Could two atoms of oxygen engage in ionic bonding?...Ch. 2 - AB+CDAD+BE Is this a legitimate example of an...Ch. 2 - When you do a load of laundry, why do you not just...Ch. 2 - The pH of lemon juice is 2, and the pH of orange...Ch. 2 - During a party, Eli loses a bet and is forced to...Ch. 2 - If the disaccharide maltose is formed from two...Ch. 2 - Once dietary fats are digested and absorbed, why...
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- What if there are a different number of Neutrons? Sometimes elements have a different number of neutrons than usual, so therefore have a different atomic mass. This is what we call an Isotope (a variant form of an element which has the same number of protons but a differing number of neutrons). Sometimes we’ll see Isotopes labeled with their new mass like this: 14C = this is Carbon 14. Notice it has a different mass than what is on your periodic table The average mass of all the isotopes is defined as an element’s Atomic Weight. Can you answer questions about these Isotopes? ELEMENT ATOMIC MASS NUMBER OF PROTONS NUMBER OF NEUTRONS 14C A B C 15N D E F 2H G H I Use your table to look up the number of protons, remember that never changes!arrow_forwardAccording to chemist John Dalton, if one mole of nitrogen is combined with three moles of hydrogen to form one mole of ammonia (knowing that nitrogen, with an atomic number of 7, has an atomic mass of 14, and hydrogen, with an atomic number of 1, has an atomic mass of 1), then this compound will have an atomic weight (or molecular mass) of: 14 grams per mole (14 daltons) 17 grams per mole (17 daltons) 20 grams per mole (20 daltons) 22 grams per mole (22 daltons) 43 grams per mole (43 daltons)arrow_forwardThe atomic emission spectrum for a particular element includes blue-violet light with wavelength 440. nm. Calculate the energy in joules of this light given that E = h c/A, and h = 6.63 x 10-34Js, and c = 3.00 x 10°m/s. (h andc are constants, A is wavelength, convert nm into m) h c E =arrow_forward
- In 1895 a student prepared three coordination compounds of chromium with the same formula CrCl2(H2O). The table below gives the color of each compound along with the number of CI ions in solution per formula unit of the compound. Complete the table by filling in the modern formula for each compound. Metal chromium has a coordination number of 6 in these compounds and an oxidation state of +2. Compound (a) Color Bright blue (b) Light green (c) Yellow Part 1 of 3 Modern formula for (a): х G CI Ions in Solutions per Formula Unit 2 1 0 00 olaarrow_forwardDo a web search to identify each of the following elements>isotopes and indicate the number of neutrons, protons, and electrons in an atom of the element>isotope:arrow_forwardAn ion has 15 protons, 16 neutrons, and 18 electrons. The symbol for the ion is 31P3+. 31P3-. 31Ar3+. 34S+. 34S-.arrow_forward
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