Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134396026
Author: Frederic H. Martini, Judi L. Nath, Edwin F. Bartholomew
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 2, Problem 27RQ
In an exergonic reaction, (a) large molecules are broken down into smaller ones, (b) small molecules are assembled into larger ones, (c) molecules are rearranged to form new molecules, (d) molecules move from reactants to products and back, (e) energy is released during the reaction.
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Enzymes are organic catalysts that (a) alter the direction in which a chemical reaction proceeds, (b) determine the nature of the products of a reaction, (c) increase the speed of a chemical reaction, (d) are essential raw materials for a chemical reaction that are converted into some of its products.
Which statement is true regarding the function of a catalyst in a chemical reaction? a) A catalyst increases the rate of a reaction. b) A catalyst provides an alternate mechanism for the reaction. c) A catalyst is not consumed by the reaction. d) All of the above are true.
An exergonic reaction has which of the following properties?
A) The △G is negative and the reaction is spontaneous.
B) The △G is negative and the reaction is non-spontaneous.
C) The △G is positive and the reaction is spontaneous.
Chapter 2 Solutions
Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Ch. 2 - Define atom.Ch. 2 - Atoms of the same element that have different...Ch. 2 - How is it possible for two samples of hydrogen to...Ch. 2 - Prob. 4CPCh. 2 - Prob. 5CPCh. 2 - Both oxygen and neon are gases at room temperature...Ch. 2 - Prob. 7CPCh. 2 - Prob. 8CPCh. 2 - Prob. 9CPCh. 2 - Prob. 10CP
Ch. 2 - What is an enzyme?Ch. 2 - Prob. 12CPCh. 2 - Prob. 13CPCh. 2 - Explain how the chemical properties of water make...Ch. 2 - Define pH, and explain how the pH scale relates to...Ch. 2 - What is the significance of pH in physiological...Ch. 2 - Define the following terms: acid, base, and salt.Ch. 2 - Prob. 18CPCh. 2 - Prob. 19CPCh. 2 - Which functional group acts as an acid?Ch. 2 - Prob. 21CPCh. 2 - Describe lipids.Ch. 2 - Prob. 23CPCh. 2 - Prob. 24CPCh. 2 - Prob. 25CPCh. 2 - Describe a nucleic acid.Ch. 2 - Prob. 27CPCh. 2 - Describe ATP.Ch. 2 - What molecule is produced by the phosphorylation...Ch. 2 - An oxygen atom has eight protons (a) Sketch in the...Ch. 2 - What is the following type of decomposition...Ch. 2 - The subatomic particle with the least mass (a)...Ch. 2 - Isotopes of an element differ from each other in...Ch. 2 - The number and arrangement of electrons in an...Ch. 2 - All organic compounds in the human body contain...Ch. 2 - A substance containing atoms of different elements...Ch. 2 - All the chemical reactions that occur in the human...Ch. 2 - Which of the following chemical equations...Ch. 2 - Prob. 10RQCh. 2 - A pH of 7.8 in the human body typifies a condition...Ch. 2 - A(n) _____ is a solute that dissociates to release...Ch. 2 - Special catalytic molecules called _____ speed up...Ch. 2 - Which of the following is not a function of a...Ch. 2 - Complementary base pairing in DNA includes the...Ch. 2 - What are the three subatomic panicles in atoms?Ch. 2 - Prob. 17RQCh. 2 - Prob. 18RQCh. 2 - List seven major functions performed by proteins.Ch. 2 - (a) What three basic components make up a...Ch. 2 - What three components are required to create the...Ch. 2 - If a polypeptide contains 10 peptide bonds, how...Ch. 2 - Prob. 23RQCh. 2 - Prob. 24RQCh. 2 - What is a salt? How does a salt differ from an...Ch. 2 - Prob. 26RQCh. 2 - In an exergonic reaction, (a) large molecules are...Ch. 2 - Prob. 28RQCh. 2 - Prob. 29RQCh. 2 - An atom of the element calcium has 20 protons and...Ch. 2 - A certain reaction pathway consists of four steps....Ch. 2 - Prob. 32RQCh. 2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 2 - Prob. 2CC
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- enzymes are efficient catalysts because they can do which of the following? A) catalyze reactions that ottherwise would not occur. B) decrease the free energy of activation of reactions, C) decrease the standard free energy change o reactions , D) prevent the conversion of product to substrate, E) shift the equilibrium of reactions toward more complete inversion of productarrow_forwardAn enzyme accelerates chemical reactions by all of the following, EXCEPT: a) Bringing reactants close together b) Shifting equilibrium to favor the products c) Adding temporary charges to substrates d) Orienting chemical bonds for best reactivity e) Straining chemical bonds that will be brokenarrow_forwardThe following equation, which represents the oxidative breakdown of glucose by body cells, is a reversible reaction. Glucose + oxygen S carbon dioxide + water + ATP (a) How can you indicate that the reaction is reversible? (b) Howcan you indicate that the reaction is in chemical equilibrium? (c) Define chemical equilibrium.arrow_forward
- If an enzyme is added to a solution where its substrate andproduct are in equilibrium, what will occur?(A) Additional substrate will be formed.(B) The reaction will change from endergonic to exergonic.(C) The free energy of the system will change.(D) Nothing; the reaction will stay at equilibrium.arrow_forwardFatty Acids are good fuels and release energy in the form of heat. This is primarily because: a) Hydrocarbons are highly unstable before combustion b) The reactants of combustion are energetically more stable than the reactants. c) The products of combustion are energetically more stable than the reactants. d) Oxygen molecule is highly stable before combustion.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about enzymes are true? Choose all that apply. Group of answer choices: a) Enzymes are nonspecific b) Enzymes speed up the rates of chemical reactions c) Enzymes require a lot of energy to synthesize d) Enzymes are not important in biological systems E) Reactants in enzyme-catalyzed reactions are called substrates F) Enzymes lower the activation energy of reaction G) Enzymes change ∆G of reactions H) One enzyme usually catalyzes many types of reactions I answered for letters , B, E, anf F, and got a 1.5 out of 2, so I am missing one. Thank You!arrow_forward
- Which of the following is NOT true of enzymes? a) They may interact chemically with their substrates b) They may catalyze a reaction in both forward and reverse directions. c) They may alter Keq for the reaction that they catalyze. d) They may decrease the entropy of their substrates.arrow_forward1. ATP is a good source of energy for the cell because a) it is versatile-able to be used in many types of reactions b) its breakdown is easily coupled with energy–requiring reactions c) it provides just the right amount of energy for cellular reactions d) all of these are correct 2. Which of the following is an example of potential energy? a) gasoline in the tank of an automobile b) the engine of an auto running c) a skier moving downhill d) pushing a desk across a room 3. The conditions for alcoholic or lactic acid fermentation: a) are the same as those for cellular respiration b) result in the production of more ATP than cellular respiration c) include the requirement of both carbon dioxide and oxygen d) produce less ATP than cellular respiration 4. Which of the following statements is TRUE? a) according to chemisomotic theory, concentration gradients drive the formation of ATP b) an electron loses energy each time it is transferred down the ETC c) there is a buildup of H+…arrow_forwardEntropy increase A) with every reaction B) only in open systems C) only under certain reaction conditions D) only in the physical world. This cannot happen in cells otherwise cells would lose their needed energyarrow_forward
- 44) NADPH is the coenzyme of choice in reactions while NAD+ is the coenzyme of choice in reactions. A) anabolic; catabolic B) metabolic; anabolic C) catabolic; anabolic D) anabolic; both catabolic and anabolic E) both catabolic and anabolic; catabolicarrow_forwardLabel the following statements true or false: (a) A reaction is said to be spontaneous when it can proceed in either the forward or reverse direction. (b) A spontaneous process always happens very quickly.arrow_forwardstatements regarding enzyme function is false?arrow_forward
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